扭转局势：海水淡化在确保利比亚水资源未来中的作用

TURNING THE TIDE:THE ROLE OF DESALINATIONIN SECURING LIBYA’S WATERFUTURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................................................................ivAcronyms and Abbreviations................................................................... v1.The Water Sector in Libya...................................................................12.The Role ofDesalination inEnhancing WaterSecurity.............. 43.The Enabling Environment for Desalination in Libya................. 73.1The Legal and Regulatory Framework for Desalination in Libya..................83.2The Institutional Framework for Desalination in Libya..................................93.3The Financial Framework for Desalination in Libya.....................................114.Challenges FacingtheDesalination Sector in Libya................. 144.1Limited Institutional Capacity and Regulatory Gaps.....................................164.2Limited Financial Resources and Economic Constraints.............................164.3Water Pricing: Balancing Affordability and Financial Sustainability..........164.4High Energy Consumption and Reliance on Energy Intensive Methods......174.5Managing Environmental Impacts and Compliance......................................174.6Balancing Regional Disparities Between Urban and Rural Areas...............174.7Balancing Supply Side Solutions with Improvements in Water Demand....175.Turning the Tide: PolicyRecommendations and a Roadmap for © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the viewsof The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and doesnot assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bankconcerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of suchboundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorsesthe views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encouragesdissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2025. Turning the Tide: The Role of Desalinationin Securing Libya’s Water Future. World Bank, Washington, DC. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to WorldBank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;fax: 202-522- 2625; e-mail: pubrights @worldbank.org. Desalination in Libya................................................................................ 19 Cover design: Sarah Alameddine Acronyms and Abbreviations Acknowledgements This Policy Note has been prepared by a World Bank team including Iyad Rammal (SeniorInfrastructure Specialist), Marcus Wishart (Lead Water Specialist) and Floris Dalemans (WaterSpecialist) based on an assessment prepared by Mercados – Aries International (a MAI Groupcompany), Sustainable Water and Power Consultants (SWPC), and Walda EnvironmentalConsultancy, led by Msc. Álvaro Baquedano Martínez (MAI Water & Environment AreaDirector), Eng. Corrado Sommariva (Team Leader and Institutional Water Expert, SWPC), Dr.Walid Walda (National Deputy Team Leader and Environmental Expert), This work is basedon publicly available information and proprietary data provided by the Client and from TheConsultant’s database. Changes in these facts or underlying assumptions could change theresults reported in this study. The team would like to extend its appreciation to the Libyan authorities, national stakeholdersand experts without whom this analysis would not have been possible. Special thanks go toDr. Mokhtar Fitori Radi (Director of Ground Water Studies Directorate of Groundwater at theMinistry of Water Resources), Mr. Nagi Ali Boshnaf (CEO of General Desalination Company,Mr. Adel Qadri Saleem (Chief of the Board of Directors of the General Desalination Company),Eng. Abdusalam Muamer Alrwaimi (Projects General manager), Mr. Murad Omar Salem(Director of International Organizations Department. International Cooperation Office at theMinistry of Water Resources), Mr. Faisal Omar Salem (Director of Western Operatio