社会援助在促进最不发达国家气候适应和基于自然的解决方案中的作用

TheRoleofSocialAssistanceinAdvancingClimateAdaptationandNatureBasedSolutionsinLeastDevelopedCountries March2026Public Disclosure Authorized © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the viewsof The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Theboundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this workdo not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status ofany territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shallconstitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunitiesof The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encouragesdissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, fornoncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Please cite the report as: Perea Blazquez, A. K., S. Coll-Black, S. Karacsony, A. Jaeger, and D.Akhmetova. 2026.The Role of Social Assistance in Advancing Climate Adaptation and Nature-Based Solutions in Least Developed Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to WorldBank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: © Scott Wallace/World Bank Group WORKING PAPER The Role of Social Assistancein Advancing ClimateAdaptation and Nature-Based Solutions in LeastDeveloped Countries March 2026 CONTENTS AcknowledgmentsiExecutive Summaryii1Introduction1Objectives and structure of this working paper42Building climate resilience through social assistance programs53Unlocking the adaptation potential of social assistance in key sectors for rurallivelihoods in LDCs103.1 Livelihood- and system-supporting interventions for adaptation over time 123.2 Fostering adaptation through NbS in agriculture and natural resourcemanagement134Opportunities, challenges, and trade-offs of integrating resilience and NbSinto social assistance174.1 Opportunities174.2 Challenges and trade-offs195Conclusion22References24 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was jointly prepared by the World Bank’s Global Department for Environmentand Social Policy Department. It was written by Ana Karla Perea Blazquez (Climate ChangeConsultant), Sarah Coll-Black (Senior Economist), Sandor Karacsony (Senior Economist), andAlexander Jaeger (Senior Social Protection Specialist) under the guidance of Dinara Akhmetova(Senior Natural Resource Management Specialist). The team would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions and insights from TimothyJoseph Peter Clay (Social Protection Consultant), Trrishala Kumaraswamy (Social ProtectionConsultant), and Julianne Baker Gallegos (Climate Change Consultant), as well as the strategicdirection and feedback provided by peer reviewers Julia Smolyar (Senior Social ProtectionSpecialist), Jia Li (Senior Economist), and Boris Ton Van Zanten (Disaster Risk ManagementSpecialist). This report was supported by the World Bank’s Nature-based Solutions (NBS) Investprogram, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Least Developed Countries Fund(LDCF). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Least developed countries (LDCs) are home to more than half of the world’s extreme poorand are among the most vulnerable to climate change.LDCs’ vulnerability to climate changeis exacerbated by their economic dependence on climate-sensitive sectors—such as agriculture,fishing, and forestry—which account for 25 percent of their gross domestic product (GDP) andpredominantly employ poor and marginalized populations (UNCTAD 2022). Yet, adaptationfinance remains insufficient, covering only 27 to 41 percent of LDCs’ estimated adaptationneeds (UNEP 2024). This financing gap limits the ability of governments to sustain investmentsin adaptation strategies that address both household well-being and the sustainability of theecosystems on which these livelihoods depend. Social protection programs—particularly social assistance—offer an effective and inclusivechannel to deliver adaptation support directly to vulnerable populations in LDCs.Socialassistance programs are the primary form of social protection in LDCs and are already embeddedin national delivery systems capable of reaching poor households at scale. Through the adaptivesocial protection (ASP) approach, social assistance has increasingly been leveraged to helphouseholds prepare for, cope with, and recover