后疫情时代农业食物系统的重新思考

Rethinking Agrifood Systems for the Post-COVID World Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy, China Agricultural UniversityAddress: No.17 Qinghua East Road,Haidian District, Beijing, ChinaTel: +86-010-62737177E-mail: agfep@cau.edu.cn China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang UniversityAddress: Chuangyi Building A, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, ChinaTel: +86-0571-88981522E-mail: cardzu@zju.edu.cn Centre for International Food and Agricultural Economics, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityAddress: The Third Laboratory Building of Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, ChinaTel: +86-025-84395741E-mail: CIFAE@njau.edu.cn Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAddress: No. 12, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, ChinaTel: +86-010-82109801E-mail: nongjingsuo@caas.cn International Food Policy Research InstituteAddress: 1201 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20005 USATel: +1-202-862-5600E-mail: ifpri@cgiar.org Contents Foreword I… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………vXiwen Chen Foreword II………………………………………………………………………………………………………… viiQixin Sun Preface… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… viiiShenggen Fan, Kevin Chen, Jing Zhu, and Wei Si Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………………………………xi Chapter 1Rethinking Agrifood Systems for the Post-COVID World… ………………………………………2Shenggen Fan, Kevin Chen, Wei Si, and Johan Swinnen Chapter 2Transforming Agrifood Systems to Achieve China’s 2060 Carbon Neutrality Goal… ……… 14Yumei Zhang, Shenggen Fan, Kevin Chen, Xiaolong Feng, Xiangyang Zhang, Zhaohai Bai,andXiaoxi Wang Chapter 3Shifting Chinese Diets for a Win-Win of Health and the Environment… …………………… 30Fangfang Sheng, Haixiu Gao, Shenggen Fan, Kevin Chen, Yumei Zhang, Chen Zhu,andQiran Zhao Chapter 4Nonpoint-Source Pollution Control and Greening of China’s Agrifood Systems…………… 46Binlei Gong, Kevin Chen, Xiangming Fang, Ting Meng, Li Zhou, Minjun Shi, andShuo Wang Chapter 5E-commerce and Smallholder Agricultural Transformation: The Chinese Experience……… 64Hongdong Guo, Junfei Bai, Yehong Liu, Jingjing Wang,andJiang Qu Chapter 6Agricultural Trade in China’s Agrifood Systems: Evolution, Challenges, and Prospects…… 76Tianxiang Li, Rui Mao, Faqin Lin, and Jing Zhu Foreword I I would like to offer congratulations on the publication of the 2021 China and Global Food Policy Report, led by theAcademy of Global Food Economics and Policy (AGFEP) at China Agricultural University. The release of this reportis a milestone in the agriculture and food sector: it focuses on the transformation of China’s agrifood systems for thepost-pandemic era, and conducts an in-depth analysis of major domestic and global issues from a multidisciplinaryperspective, including food security, nutrition and diet, carbon neutrality, green agricultural development, e-commerce,and agricultural trade. The report is both timely and visionary. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the supply chain of the global agricultural and foodsystem has suffered unusual fluctuations, and food concerns and hunger have been escalating in some areas.Despite being hit hard by the pandemic, China’s grain output in 2020 reached a record high of 670 million metrictons. Moreover, as of the end of 2020, absolute poverty had been eliminated. China has achieved impressive gainsin improving food supply and ending hunger. Nonetheless, China’s food security still faces challenges. First, animbalance is apparent between supplies of major staple foods and major non-staple foods, with a constantly growingshortage of meat, milk, sugar, oil products, and feed grains. Oversupply and supply shortages of agricultural productscoexist. Second, China’s current agricultural resources and production and processing technologies are failing tomeet public demand for personalized, differentiated, and high-quality foods. The production structure is partiallydecoupled from the demand for agricultural products. Third, in view of China’s large population, the country’s arableland and freshwater resources are insufficient. Its agricultural capacity has not been fully tapped into, and currentproductivity and resources cannot meet China’s own consumption needs. As a major economy with a population of 1.4 billion, China needs to ensure food security and fill people’splates primarily with domestic foods. The fundamental principle of China’s food security policy is to ensure basicself-sufficiency in grains and absolute security of staple foods. In addition, China must ensure the supply of othercritical food products including meat, milk, sugar, and oil. To better ensure the supply of grains and other agriculturalproducts and to better meet the public need for more nutritious, healthier, and safer foods at the new stage of theimplementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China should start with two approaches. First, on the premise of