CAREC国家交通领域碳定价的影响与机遇探索

JULY 2026 EXPLORING THE IMPACT ANDOPPORTUNITIES OF CARBON PRICINGIN THE TRANSPORT SECTORIN CAREC COUNTRIES JULY 2026 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2026 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2026. ISBN 978-92-9277-866-8 (print); 978-92-9277-867-5 (PDF); 978-92-9277-868-2 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS260282-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS260282-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes:In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea,and “Kyrgyzstan” as the Kyrgyz Republic. CONTENTS Tables, Figures, and Boxes...................................................................................................................ivAbbreviations........................................................................................................................................viExecutive Summary.............................................................................................................................vii Chapter 2 | Status: CAREC Countries with Carbon Pricing Instruments........................................2 2.1.Azerbaijan............................................................................................................................................................ 22.2.People’s Republic of China.............................................................................................................................32.3.Georgia.................................................................................................................................................................. 42.4.Kazakhstan...........................................................................................................................................................52.5.Kyrgyz Republic.................................................................................................................................................. 62.6.Mongolia................................................................................................................................................................72.7.Pakistan................................................................................................................................................................. 92.8.Tajikistan............................................................................................................................................................. 102.9.Turkmenistan.................................................................................................................................................... 102.10.Uzbekistan.......................................................................................................................................................... 112.11.Conclusions on Carbon Pricing in CAREC Countries........................................................................ 11 Chapter 3 | GHG Emission Reduction Options in the Transport Se