介绍国际公共部门会计准则委员会的公共部门披露可持续性报告准则（英）

Introducing the International PublicSector Accounting Standards Board’s Pathways Toward Reporting Readiness By Nutan Zarapkar, Anirban Chatterjee, and Hanif Rahemtulla Executive Summary it is only in 2026—with the emergence of theInternational Public Sector Accounting StandardsBoard’s Sustainability Reporting Standard 1(IPSASB SRS 1)—that government departments, Climate-related risks have become a consistenttheme influencing investment decisions in Asiaand the Pacific as well as globally. Simultaneously,measures to mitigate these risks have catapultedAsia and the Pacific into one of the fastest-growingsustainable finance markets globally. For risk The IPSASB SRS 1 provides an opportunityto consolidate information released across otherframeworks such as the Biannual Update Reports(BURs) and Nationally Determined Contributions This brief was led by Hanif Rahemtulla, principal public sector specialist, Public Sector Management and Governance (PSMG), outposted tothe Uzbekistan Resident Mission of Asian Development Bank (ADB), and written by Nutan Zarapkar, consultant, ADB; and Anirban Chatterjee,consultant, ADB. We would like to thank Jose Luis Syquia, principal public sector specialist, PSMG; and Enrique Rebolledo, senior financialcontrol specialist, Controller’s Department, for helpful comments. We also express our appreciation to Enrico Pinali, regional head—Central stability.4In this context, the G20 Finance Ministersasked the Financial Stability Board (FSB) toconsider how the finance sector could incorporateclimate-related risks into financial systems.In response, the FSB established an industry-led entities to disclose their governance frameworks,risk management processes, strategic approaches,and metrics for monitoring climate-related risksand opportunities. In doing so, SRS 1 aligns withthe International Financial Reporting Standards Case studies of governments adoptingclimate-related disclosure standards revealthat their development and mainstreamingrequire constructive collaboration between thenational disclosure standards setter and thedisclosing entities. An approach to systematic Following the release of the TCFDrecommendations, climate-related disclosure normshave evolved in the private sector over the years.In alignment with its 2020 strategic review, theIFRS Foundation announced the creation of theInternational Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)in November 2021 with the intent of building uponexisting disclosure standards (finalized and releasedin June 2023 as the IFRS S1) and developing aprototype sustainability and climate disclosure Setting the Context Extreme weather events have consistently featuredin each annual edition of the World Economic ForumGlobal Risks Report.1Asia and the Pacific covers theworld’s most vulnerable regions to climate change,experiencing rapid warming and serving as hot spots However, climate-related risks do not affect theprivate sector alone. Research by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revealed that climatevulnerability has ahighly significant effecton thecost of government borrowing even after adjustingfor conventional macroeconomic and institutionaldeterminants of sovereign risk.7Climate risksmanifest as either physical risks (the direct impacts In his 2015 “Tragedy of the Horizon” speech,then Bank of England Governor Mark Carneyremarked that assessing climate change-related Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) andguidance for governments and public entitiesglobally, governments have lacked a standardframework for climate-related disclosures pertainingto their own operations, service delivery, or policy that disasters reduce Pacific island countries’potential growth by 1.4% annually.8Similarly, shiftsin policy regimes and market expectations towarda low-carbon economy can affect governmentbalance sheets due to declining revenues and asset Disclosing climate-related risks andopportunities presents multiple benefits from asovereign risk management perspective. Suchdisclosures help government departments to embedclimate risk management at the policymaking stage.Additionally, climate-related strategies disclosedprovide greater clarity on the steps countries are In January 2022, the World Bank urged theIPSASB to lead a global consultation and developanalogous baseline public sector sustainabilityreporting standards which would enablegovernments to disclose climate- and nature- related risks and opportunities in a standardized,forward-looking way.10In response, the IPSASBreleased the consultation paperAdvancing PublicSector Sustainability Reportingin May 2022, toassess and validate demand for public-sector- In addition to mitigating risks in existinginfrastructure and investments, implementingthese climate change adaptation and resiliencestrategies helps attract new investments. This issignificant to Asia and the Pacific as it is one of thefastest-growing markets for sustainable financeglobally, with an expected 2025–2030 compoundeda