解密当前及未来可用的量子技术能力：白皮书合集

Table of Contents CHAPTER1: QUANTUMCOMPUTINGANDPQC …………………………………………………..………………..... 4 INTRODUCTION.…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………..………….. 5●GLOBALGOVERNMENTENGAGEMENTWITHQUANTUMTECHNOLOGIES.………………………………….………….. 6●U.S. QUANTUMPOLICY.……………………………………………………………………………………...………….. 7QUANTUMCOMPUTING………………………………………………….…………………………………………………..………….…... 8●QUANTUMAPPLICATIONSOFTWARE.………………………………………………………….…………...………….. 11●QUANTUMCOMPUTING: NEAR-TERMAPPLICATIONS(1-3YEARS).…………………………………………..…….. 12●QUANTUMCOMPUTING: MID-TERMAPPLICATIONS(3-7YEARS).…………………………………………….…….. 16●QUANTUMCOMPUTING: LONG-TERMUSECASES(7+YEARS)..…………………………………………….….…….. 17●CHALLENGESFORQUANTUMCOMPUTING.………………………………………………………………….….…….. 18POSTQUANTUMCRYPTOGRAPHY…………………………………………………..……………………………………..…... 19●PQCANDU.S. GOVERNMENTACTIVITIES.………………………………………………………………….….…….. 20●SUCCESSFULMIGRATIONTOPQC: NECESSARYSTEPSFORORGANIZATIONS……………………………………….. 21CHAPTER1: CONCLUSION………………………………….…………………………………………………..…………….… 22 CHAPTER2- QUANTUMSENSING………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 ●QUANTUMSENSINGANDMETROLOGY………………………………………………………………………..…….….. 25●GLOBALINTERESTINQUANTUMSENSING……………………………………………………………………………... 25●UNDERSTANDINGQUANTUMSENSING…………………………………………………………………………..……... 27●THEADVANTAGESOFQUANTUMSENSING.………………………………………………………………..…..……... 28●TYPESOFQUANTUMSENSINGTECHNOLOGY.………………………….…………………………………..…..……... 29●QUANTUMSENSINGPROVIDINGCOMMERCIALANDNATIONALSECURITYVALUE..…………………………..……... 31●COMMERCIALVALUE……………………………………………………………………………………….……..……... 31●NATIONALSECURITYVALUE……………………………………………………………………………………………... 33●RESEARCHVALUE………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 33●IMPLEMENTATIONANDCHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………………..………... 34●TECHNOLOGYREADINESSOFQUANTUMSENSING…………………………………………………………...………... 34●LEADINGPLAYERS:…………………………………………………………...……………...……………...………..... 36QUANTUMSENSINGPOLICYANDRECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………….……….………… 37CHAPTER2: CONCLUSION: A CALLTOACTIONFORAFUTUREPOWEREDBYQUANTUMSENSING……………………… 38 QUANTUMNETWORKING& COMMUNICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………… 40 ●GLOBALENGAGEMENTONQUANTUMNETWORKING& COMMUNICATIONS……………….……………….…….….. 41●QUANTUMNETWORKINGANDCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGIES…………………………………………………... 46●INDUSTRIESTHATCOULDBENEFITFROMQUANTUMNETWORKING& COMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIES.………... 49●QUANTUMNETWORKING& COMMUNICATIONSKEYPLAYERS.……….…….…….…….…….…….…….……….... 50●CHALLENGESFACINGQUANTUMNETWORKINGANDCOMMUNICATIONS.……….…….………………...………..... 53CHAPTER3: CONCLUSION: A CALLTOACTIONTOADVANCEQUANTUMNETWORKINGANDCOMMUNICATIONS….….… 55 COMPILATIONCONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………….… 56 ●POLICYRECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………….……... 56 White Paper Demystifying the Capabilities of QuantumTechnologies Available Today and in theFuture Chapter 1: Quantum Computing and PQC ATARC Global Quantum Working Group Copyright © ATARC 2024 Introduction Governments around the world are increasingly engaging with the quantum industry andinvesting in quantum technologies. The role of the ATARC Global Quantum Working Group isto collaborate with thought leaders within government, academia, and the private sectorregarding the multiple aspects of quantum technology. As part of this charge, working groupmembers, which include quantum industry representatives, quantum experts in academia, andgovernment officials involved with quantum programs and/or those who may be end users ofthe technology, have developed a series of white papers to demystify quantum technology andits capabilities. Broadly, quantum physics is the “study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level.”1Quantum technologies exploit quantum physics and quantum mechanical effects which canlead to new capabilities in computing, communications, networking, and sensing. Whilequantum physics has been studied for decades, it is the newest innovation by the quantumindustry which has made tremendous strides in advancing powerful quantum technologiesoutside the scope of traditional technologies. Currently, there is no set global standard for technology readiness levels for quantumtechnologies, so understanding the capabilities of computing, communications, networking,and sensing can be confusing. An overview of the quantum ecosystem and its technologies hasbeen provided by Steve Blank, a U.S. entrepreneur, technologist and professor2. That taken inconcert with the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) baseline forquantum technology readiness3(Figure 1) demonstrates that each quantum technology isadvancing at its own pace. To further explain quantum computing, theATARC Global Quantum Working Grouphas released two other white papers.“Applied Quantum Computing for Today’sMilitary,”4outlined use casesdemonstrating how the military couldbenefit from near-term quantumtechnology. The second paper was aninter-agency guide on how to be quantumready and prepare a “Quantum SafeFramework.”5 Given the depth of the quantum technology industry, the