增强循环经济韧性与竞争力的政策工具

Make circularsystems the norm THIS POLICY BRIEF SERIES AIMSTO SUPPORT GOVERNMENTS INACCELERATING THE CIRCULARECONOMY TRANSITION. Building on the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s UniversalCircular Economy Policy Goals, the series provides a shortlistof actionable policy instruments that can unlock circulareconomy outcomes. They not only have international relevance and clearmomentum in policy development, but they can also beadapted to the diverse needs of national, regional, andlocal contexts. The series provides key design principlesunderpinning policy instruments. Illustrated by case studies,policy options and recommendations, it aims to inspire actionfor accelerating the transition to the circular economy. Key insightsIntroduction to the series: policy instrumentsfor a resilient and competitive circular economyDesign as the primary lever of the circular economyA strategic trio of systems to optimise resource use6784 Product policies01Agricultural policies02Urban planning policies0321149 A policy mix for a circular economyRecommendationsAcknowledgementsEndnotes26272931 KEY INSIGHTS Agricultural policies shape the designof land-use systems at the field, farm,and landscape level.They impact soilhealth, ecosystems, nutrient cycling,water retention, and resilience to pricevolatility and climate risk. Well-designedagricultural policies can shift incentivesaway from input-intensive productiontowards regenerative practices,1whilemaintaining long-term productivity,increasing nutrient reuse, reducingpollution, and strengtheningrural livelihoods. Three systems stand out asparticularly important to thecircular economy transition:products, agriculturalsystems and cities. Design decisions determinehow resources are usedand value is created. Once locked-in they are costlyto reverse. By embedding circulareconomy principles into key systemsgovernments can shape how materialsare selected, and how products andparts circulate through successivevalue-retention loops. Together, they account for the vastmajority of resource use, wastegeneration, and environmental impact,and crucially, all three are shapedby policy-led design decisionsmade upstream. Product policies shape the designof goods and value chains to keepproducts, parts, and materials inuse at their highest value.Settingrequirements upstream addressesmaterial inefficiency, prematureobsolescence, and low-quality recycling,while creating a level playing field thatencourages innovation, supply-chainadaptation, and investment in circularbusiness models. When tailored tospecific product categories, aligned withinternational frameworks, and combinedwith robust enforcement and adaptivedesign, product policies can reducereliance on virgin resources, lowerenvironmental impacts, and decreasethe overall cost to consumers over aproduct’s lifetime. Urban planning policies shape thedesign of city systems, determining howmaterials, energy, water, and nutrientsflow, as well as how people live, move,work, and interact within cities.Byinfluencing the spatial distribution ofneighbourhoods, infrastructure, andpublic facilities, they affect emissions,waste generation, and resilience toclimate and social pressures. Whendesigned to integrate circular principles,these policies can reduce wastegeneration, limit urban sprawl, enhanceclimate resilience, improve air qualityand access to green spaces, strengthenliveability, and generate economicopportunities. Applying place-basedsystems thinking, long-term adaptiveplanning, and targeted strategies acrossboth existing and new developmentscreates durable, multifunctional, andinclusive urban environments. KEY INSIGHTS (cont.) Circular design policiesdeliver their full potentialwhen combined intocoherent, mutuallyreinforcing packages. Prioritising upstreaminterventions is essential tolock in long-term andsystem-level impact, Circular design policiesare most beneficial whenthey deliver tangiblebenefits for people: reducing living costs, creatinglocal jobs, supporting farmers, andimproving access to services andgreen spaces. Embedding liveability,health, social inclusion, affordability,and climate adaptation into policydesign from the outset ensures thetransition is inclusive, people-centred,and just. determining material flows,infrastructure needs, and environmentalimpacts for decades. Combining sharedobjectives with strong multi-levelcoordination and continuous alignmentacross value chains helps avoid policysilos and keeps policies effectiveover time. Design-focused instruments mustbe complemented by economic andfiscal measures, enforcement capacity,and cross-ministerial coordinationto translate upstream ambition intodurable, system-level change. INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIVERSALCIRCULAR ECONOMY POLICIES SERIES Our current economy is depletingresources, destroying economic value,and driving environmental harm at anunsustainable pace.Each year, the globaleconomy consumes around 100 billiontonnes of resources,2three quarters ofwhich are