通过效率、弹性、人工智能和环境绩效加强供应链

Strengthening SupplyChains throughEfficiency, Resilience,AI and EnvironmentalPerformance This work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD, and does not necessarily reflect theofficial views of OECD Member countries. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. OECD (2026),Strengthening Supply Chains through Efficiency, Resilience, AI and Environmental Performance, OECDPublishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/2a495d96-en. Photo credits:Cover © Andrey_Popov/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Preface International trade has been a powerful driver of economic growth and higher living standards around theworld. However, the global trading system has come under increasing pressure in recent years from globalshocks, supply chain disruptions and geopolitical uncertainty. Countries will need to work together to makethe global trading system fairer and function better while preserving the benefits of open markets and rules-based global trade, and navigating structural transformations in our economies. This report looks at two such transformations that are reshaping international supply chains, bringing bothopportunities and challenges. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potentialto optimise supply chain operations and logistics but can also present risks that must be carefully managed–including data protection and cybersecurity. In parallel, policies to advance the green transformation canhelp reduce carbon emissions and tackle pollution while enhancing energy security, but to be fully effectivethey may require more detailed information at the border on how products are produced, transported, andcertified. Effectiveand coherent policies on trade facilitation are key to navigating these transformations.Streamlined, AI-enabled border procedures can support resilient supply chains by keeping goods movingmore efficiently, including during crises, and by providing firms with the flexibility needed to diversify theirsuppliers and markets. Secure, standardised, and machine-readable data, together with interoperablesystems, can help integrate new environment-related requirements while minimising bottlenecks at theborder. The 2025 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders’ Gyeongju Declaration reaffirmed theimportance of AI for international trade, as well as the need to promote more environmentally sustainabletrade. In close partnership with Korea, the OECD provided evidence and analysis to support APECdiscussions. Building on these developments at APEC 2025, this report brings together the OECD’s work on creating asupportive policy environment for trade facilitation and paperless trade. It highlights the links betweensupply chain efficiency, resilience and environmental performance, and the role of digitalisation instrengthening these outcomes. The work significantly benefits from insights drawn from Korea’s rapidprogress and policy efforts to deploy AI tools at the border and beyond. Going forward, the OECD will continue to provide our objective, evidence-based analysis to su