Implementation guidancefor school health services Making every school ahealth-promoting school Implementation guidancefor school health services Making every school a health-promoting school: implementation guidance for school health services ISBN 978-92-4-011896-6 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011897-3 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGOlicence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided thework is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorsesany specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then youmust license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, youshould add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall bethe binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Making every school a health-promoting school: implementation guidance for school health services.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from thecopyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solelywith the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area orof its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps representapproximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, thenames of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, thepublished material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for theinterpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Front cover captions and credits: top left (Indonesia: Immunization Heroes, September 2024. © WHO / Harrison Thane), topright (Vision in Kenya - 2018. © WHO / NOOR / Sebastian Liste), bottom left (Indonesia: Immunization Heroes, September 2024.© WHO / Harrison Thane) and bottom right (Nigeria: Yellow fever response in Delta State. © WHO / NOOR / Benedicte Kurzen) Design and layout by Lushomo. Contents Foreword�������������������������������������������������������������ivAcknowledgements����������������������������������������������������vAbbreviations and acronyms�������������������������������������������viiiGlossary���������������������������������������������������������������ixExecutive summary����������������������������������������������������xivIntroduction����������������������������������������������������������1Chapter 1�Build a common understandingof SHS in the context of school health������������������������������������12Chapter 2�Make a compelling case to investin school health services�����������������������������������������������22Chapter 3�Prepare and plan for SHS improvement�����������������������32Chapter 4�Build leadership for school health services���������������������46Chapter 5�Ensure supportive policies for schoolhealth services and institutional anchoring������������������������������56Chapter 6�Ensure students’ and carers’ participation���������������������68Chapter 7�Improve access