城市卫生能力评估和应对：促进健康的土地权规划，以实现城市粮食安全和住房，乌干达里拉市

Health-promoting land rightsplanning for urban food securityand shelter, Lira city, Uganda Lira City Council in northern Uganda has a growingpopulation, placing increasing demand on landuse and food systems. This city-example describesan assessment of the capacities for land rightsplanning for integrated urban agriculture, foodsecurity, and shelter in Lira City. The assessmentwas conducted between mid-May and mid-June 2023 using the World Health Organization(WHO)Urban health capacities assessment andresponse resource kit. • The team was made up of 14 local authority,government and community stakeholders.Having such a large group presentedchallenges in terms of coordination butalso helped the team gather rich anduseful information from diverse sourcesand perspectives. Outcomes and learning on thecapacities in Lira City: The assessment aimed to identify key capacitiesrequired to support planning, implementation,coordination and evaluation for improvedprogrammes and service delivery at parish, cityand national level.1 • Obtaining, analyzing and using disaggregatedinformation from the community level wasseen as central, and vital to inform CityCouncil decision making and to operationalizea ‘Parish Development Model’ that identifiesdevelopment priorities for the parishes in thecounty and is thus driven by local needs. Key messages •Identified capacity deficits included the lackof appropriate laws and policies related tourban agriculture and food marketing – aswell as the difficulties in ensuring adequatelocal government personnel for cross-sectoral planning, law enforcement, andcommunity information outreach, and tosupport appropriate enforcement of, suchlaws and policies. Outcomes and learning on theassessment process: • The assessment team found the step-by-step process outlined in the ActionGuide of the resource kit logical anduseful, and that the tools complementedexisting local government tools which theywere already using. • Because of the systemic nature ofissues related to land-use, food security,employment and housing, the team alsorecommended strengthening cross-sectoralprocesses by strengthening community andstakeholder consultative forums, fosteringbetter cooperation between councilcommittees, and engaging with centralgovernment departments. •To manage these capacity deficits, the teamrecommended various forms of trainingaround both community engagementapproaches and communication skills tosupport dialogue and evidence-baseddecision making. Carrying out an assessment TheUrban health capacities assessment andresponse resource kitprovides a framework forpractitioners and policymakers from all sectorsand at all levels of governance, to help themidentify and leverage the capacities needed toimprove urban health and wellbeing. It is alsouseful to private sector and civil society teams. •A score of 1indicates that thecapacity is not in place •A score of 2indicates that the capacity isin place, or partially in place, but not usedor funded sustainably •A score of 3indicates that the capacityis in place, being used and beingsustainably funded Capacities are identified at individual,organizational and systemic (cross-organizational) levels and cover four key areas: The assessment process allows teams to identifycapacities which are strong and those wherethere are gaps and weaknesses. It also helps withaction planning to leverage existing capacitiesand strengthen those capacities needed toachieve a particular urban health goal. •Informed decision-making,monitoring and evaluation•Policies, programmes,innovation and change•Resource (human, financial,infrastructural) management•Partnerships, participation andknowledge sharing The resource kit includes full guidance onconducting an assessment, tables to recordthe findings, and guidance on developingrecommendations to address barriers and gaps.It has already been rolled out in selected citiesand is available online to support other teamsundertake the process. Identified capacities are then rated according tothe following criteria: 1. The local site andcontext Much of the disease in the city is preventable andrelated to environmental factors, with malariaand respiratory diseases the top two causes ofill-health. Trauma from road traffic accidents isalso emerging as a major public health problem,compounded by increasing traffic on a narrow andinadequately maintained road infrastructure.5 This city-example outlines a capacity assessmentimplemented by Lira City Council and partnersin 2023 to evaluate the capacities required forhealth-promoting land rights planning for urbanfood security. This focus was motivated by theincreasing need to ensure land use planning anddecisions that support land for affordable food,such as for urban agriculture, and for housing agrowing population. The City Council derives its income from localrevenue such as land fees, rents and businesslicences, from international external funders, andfrom central government alloca