港口网络安全：从风险转向韧性

Cybersecurity in Ports: Shifting from Risk to Resilience Simona Sulikova, Edoardo Casarotto, Jaqueline Herrmann, Sotiria Lagouvardou, Giacomo Assenza,Isabelle Rojon, Dominik Englert, Jan Hoffmann, Rico Salgmann. © 2026 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressedin this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies inthe information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citationof works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by thoseauthors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2026. Cybersecurity in Ports: Shiftingfrom Risk to Resilience. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................................viiiFunding..........................................................................................................................................................viiiList of Acronyms.............................................................................................................................................ixExecutive Summary........................................................................................................................................xiIntroduction......................................................................................................................................................1CHAPTER 1 -Policy.........................................................................................................................................81.1Global Governance.......................................................................................................................91.2National-Level Governance: Filling the Gap............................................................................131.3Local and Organizational Governance....................................................................................181.4Main Takeaways and Key Recommendations.......................................................................22CHAPTER 2 -Practice..................................................................................................................................232.1Evaluating Risk: Knowing What You Are Up Against...........................................................262.2Incident Response and Continuity Planning..........................................................................302.3Main Takeaways and Key Recommendations.......................................................................35CHAPTER 3 -Barriers...................................................................................................................................363.1Human Capacity Barriers.........................................................................................................373.2Financial Barriers.......................................................................................................................433.3Economic Barriers......................................................................................................................453.4Main Takeaways and Key Recommendations........................................................................51CHAPTER 4 -Conclusions............................................................................................................................54Appendix..................................................................................