2024从矿产到材料：澳大利亚关键矿产中游加工能力评估报告

Assessment of Australia’s critical mineralmid-stream processing capabilities May 2024 Accessibility Citation CSIRO is committed to providing web‑accessiblecontent wherever possible. If you are havingdifficulties with accessing this document,please contactcsiro.au/accessibility CSIRO (2024) From minerals to materials:assessment of Australia’s critical mineral mid‑streamprocessing capabilities. CSIRO, Canberra. This report was authored by BenedicteDelaval, Callum Goessler, Persie Duong,Nicolás González Castro and Greg Maloney. Copyright notice © Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial ResearchOrganisation 2024. To the extent permitted by law, allrights are reserved, and no part of this publication coveredby copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form orby any means except with the written permission of CSIRO. CSIRO Futures At CSIRO Futures we bring together science, technologyand economics to help governments and businessesdevelop transformative strategies that tackle theirbiggest challenges. As the strategic and economicadvisory arm of Australia’s national science agency, we areuniquely positioned to transform complexity into clarity,uncertainty into opportunity, and insights into action. Disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in thispublication comprises general statements based onscientific research. The reader is advised and needs tobe aware that such information may be incomplete orunable to be used in any specific situation. No relianceor actions must therefore be made on that informationwithout seeking prior expert professional, scientificand technical advice. To the extent permitted by law,CSIRO (including its employees and consultants)excludes all liability to any person for any consequences,including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs,expenses and any other compensation, arising directlyor indirectly from using this publication (in part or inwhole) and any information or material contained in it. Acknowledgements CSIRO acknowledges the Traditional Owners ofthe lands that we live and work on across Australiaand pays its respect to Elders past and present. The project team would like to acknowledge thecontributions of all stakeholders that providedinput to this project from industry, government andacademia. Appendix A includes a complete list of theorganisations that provided input into to this project. The report benefitted greatly from comments andreview from Chris Vernon, Andrew Jenkin, Joanne Loh,Robbie McDonald, Wensheng Zhang, Thomas Ruether,Gautam Das, Lyndsey Benson, Karl Bunney, WarrenBruckard, Greg Wilson, Jim Brosnan, Departmentof Industry Science and Resources (Critical MineralsOffice), the Australian Nuclear Science and TechnologyOrganisation (ANSTO), ITP Renewables and CRU. Contents Executive summary...................................................................................................................................11Introduction.........................................................................................................................................131.1Australia’s strategic objectives.............................................................................................................................141.2The role of domestic RD&D and international collaboration............................................................................151.3Objectives, scope and approach..........................................................................................................................162Australia’s RD&D capabilities.......................................................................................................213Global supply chains and international RD&D capabilities...........................................313.1Supply chain overview..........................................................................................................................................323.2International RD&D engagement to support supply chain diversification......................................................364Underpinning RD&D priorities across supply chains.....................................................405Actions for RD&D and international engagement.........................................................465.1Lithium...................................................................................................................................................................485.2Cobalt.....................................................................................................................................................................525.3Graphite.................................................................................................................................................................555.4LIB recycling...........................................................................................................................................................575.