电池循环利用：未来关键材料来源的创新趋势

Innovation trends for a future source of critical materials April 2026 Contents List of countries and world regions06 About the European Patent Office07 1.Introduction201.1Background: Growth in EV batteries and the emerging end-of-life wave...............................................................................................................................201.2Environmental and safety risks of disposal........................................................................................................................................................................................................................231.3Geopolitical landscape of critical battery materials................................................................................................................................................................................................231.4Policy context................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................251.4.1Global policy approaches relevant to battery circularity.................................................................................................................................................................................251.4.2EU policy relevant to battery circularity...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................251.4.3Policy and innovation.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................281.5Scaling and innovation.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................291.6Technologies for battery circularity................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301.6.1Overview of the recycling chain...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301.6.2Intake, storage and stabilisation.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301.6.3Disassembly and mechanical pre-treatment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................311.6.4Physical separation and formation of black mass......................................................................................................................................................................................................311.6.5Black mass processing and conditioning.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321.6.6Metallurgical recovery routes...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321.6.7Direct recycling and regeneration....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................321.7About this report......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33 2.1Overarching trends.............................................................................................................