对Türkiye的人工智能劳动力准备情况进行基准测试：使用LinkedIn数据进行多维全球比较

No. 2625 | APRIL 2026 Benchmarking Türkiye’s AIWorkforce Readiness:AMultidimensional GlobalComparison Using LinkedInData Freeha FatimaEfsan Nas ÖzenDhushyanth Raju Series Description The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper series presents analysis and research that informs policy dialogue andoperational practice across social protection, social development, and labor markets. Social Protection: the collection covers the full lifecycle of Social Assistance, Social Insurance, Care, and SocialServices. Labor: the collection covers Active and Passive Labor Market Programs, Training and Skills Development, YouthEmployment, Economic Inclusion, and International Labor Mobility and Migration. SocialDevelopment:the collection covers Community and Local Development,Inclusion,Cohesion,ForcedDisplacement, Gender, and Human Rights. Across all areas, the series highlights cross-cutting issues such as Climate Change, Fragility and Conflict, andResilience. Copyright © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1 (202) 473 1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of TheWorld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as longas full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1 (202) 5222625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Benchmarking Türkiye’s AI Workforce Readiness:A Multidimensional Global Comparison Using LinkedIn Data Freeha FatimaEfşan Nas ÖzenDhushyanth Raju Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping labor markets, with countries increasingly differentiatedby the depth, breadth, and distribution of AI-related capabilities. This paper benchmarks Türkiye’sAI workforce readiness using LinkedIn skill and hiring data within a consistent cross-countrycomparison framework. The analysis examines eight dimensions of readiness: AI engineeringdepth, AI literacy, foundational and disruptive digital skills, sectoral specialization, employerdemand,hiring momentum,exposure to generative AI,and international mobility of AIprofessionals.The evidence places Türkiye in an intermediate position in the cross-countrydistribution, generally below frontier economies and, in several dimensions, closer to the lowersegment of the distribution. Foundational digital capability exceeds the global reference average,while AI literacy is expanding but remains below levels observed in higher-performing countries.The density of advanced AI engineering talent remains limited relative to frontier economies, andcapability is unevenly embedded across sectors, with stronger presence in technology-orientedactivities and higher disruption exposure in financial services. Employer demand is anchored ingeneral competencies, hiring momentum ispositive but below that observed in higher-performingcountries, and net outward mobility of AI professionals persists. Exposure to generative AI is notunusually high in aggregate but varies substantially across sectors, with sectoral differencesexceeding those across demographic groups.These findings describe an economy characterizedby broad capability expansion without corresponding depth, specialization, or retention ofadvanced talent. AI readiness is inherently multidimensional and depends on the interaction ofskill formation, labor demand, occupational structure, and international mobility. By documentingthese patterns within a consistent comparative framework, the paper clarifies how middle-incomeeconomies can move from broad digital capability toward frontier specialization in the early stagesof generative AI diffusion. Keywords:Artificial intelligence; digital skills; labor market structure; technological diffusion;workforce capability; skill formation; labor demand; talent mobility; cross-country comparison. JEL codes: J23; J24; J61; O14; O33 1.Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping labor markets in uneven ways across countries. Differencesin digital infrastructure, workforce composition, sectoral specialization, and institutional capacityshape how rapidly and broadly AI technolo