全球绿色融资架构经验启示

Learnings from green financing structuresaround the world April 2025 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) team for their contributions,including Natalie Hoover, Vikram Widge, and Nicole Pinko for advice and internal review.We would also like to extend our gratitude to CPI’s subject matter experts for contributinginformation and analysis to the report: Kalpesh Gada, Wagner Oliveira, Taarika Peres, JyotiSharma, Tiza Mafira, Berliana Yusuf, and Caroline Alberti. We also acknowledge colleaguesKirsty Taylor, Saumya Tiwari, and Rob Kahn for editing; Elana Fortin, Pauline Baudry, AngelaWoodall, and Denny Kosasih for layout and graphic design. In addition, we appreciate the key inputs and guidance throughout the research process fromthe following external stakeholders (in alphabetical order): Paul Bodnar (BEF), Lucy Kessler(BEF), Dan Firger (BEF), James Hooton (GFI), Sashi Jayatileke (USAID), Adama Mariko (AFD),Maria Netto (iCS), Rick Nogueira (Advisor, DC Green Bank), Nicolas Picchiottino (IDFC),Sergio Suchodolski (FiCS), Stacy Swann (Founder/CEO, Resilient Earth Capital & Board Vice-Chair, Montgomery County Green Bank), Gavin Templeton (Veri), Rhian-Mari Thomas (GFI),Audrey-Cynthia Yamadjako (AfDB). Responsibility for the information and views set out in thispublication lies with the authors. AUTHORS CPI(lead): Gauri Tandon, Debal Mitra, Neha Khanna, Jonathan First, and Barbara Buchner NRDC(contributing): Douglass Sims, Isabelle Elizondo, Ilmi Granoff CONTACT Neha Khanna, Associate Directorneha.khanna@cpiglobal.org ABOUT CLIMATE POLICY INITIATIVE CPI is an analysis and advisory organization with deep expertise in finance and policy. Ourmission is to help governments, businesses, and financial institutions drive economic growthwhile addressing climate change. CPI has seven offices around the world in Brazil, India,Indonesia, South Africa, the UK, and the US. DESCRIPTORS SECTOR Financial Sector, Green Finance, Green Banks REGIONGlobal KEYWORDS Green Banks, Green Finance RELATED CPI WORKS Green Banks and National Climate Change Funds (NCCFs)Harnessing the transformative potential of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction FundPublic Development Banks’ Climate Commitments 2024 MEDIA CONTACT Rob Kahn, Director, Global Communicationsrob.kahn@cpiglobal.org Saumya Tiwari, Communications Managersaumya.tiwari@cpiglobal.org RECOMMENDED CITATION CPI. 2025. Green Banks: Trends and Approaches. Available online: https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/the-state-of-green-banks-2025 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report takes stock of green banks at a critical time in global efforts to contain climatechange and protect nature.It is based on new survey data collected by CPI in 2024-2025 from51 public financial institutions that are either green banks, are seeking to establish one, or haveencountered barriers preventing them from doing so. They include 36 entities that are eitherfrom EMDEs or have supported efforts in these countries. In the face of an estimated USD 7.4 trillion annual climate funding gap, countries havepursued dedicated green financial institutions (FIs) to accelerate their sustainable investment(CPI 2024).Traditional climate finance sources are increasingly stretched across competinggeopolitical priorities, with a drain on some key pools of concessional capital, includinginternational aid. Green banks with targeted mandates for climate investment are more vital thanever as we cross the halfway mark in this decisive decade to keep global temperature rise withinthe goals of the Paris Agreement. This report provides a snapshot of the state of green banks to inform policymakers,governments, and FIs seeking to scale and expand these entities.It describes the four mainmodels for green banks and outlines the challenges and opportunities they face globally andacross different regions. Crucially, it also indicates potential solutions to help countries mobilizegreater climate finance through such entities. These recommendations are particularly aimedat helping to design structures that meet the demands of emerging markets and developingeconomies (EMDEs) for expanded in-country climate financing capacity. Box 1: Definition of a green bank The OECD (2016) defines a green investment bank as “a publicly capitalized entityestablished specifically to facilitate and attract private investment into domestic LCR[low-carbon and resilient] infrastructure and other green sectors such as water andwaste management through different activities and interventions.” Given countries’innovation of sustainable finance mechanisms, this report extends the definition toinclude the greening of pre-existing entities and to include country platform approachesto green finance. STATE OF GREEN BANKS GLOBALLY Green banks provide finance for climate solutions, enabling the development of a net zero,resilient economy.Throughout this report, we refer to this capital as green financing.