评估关税自由化对妇女的福利影响：数据和分析框架（英）

ASSESSING THE WELFAREIMPACT OF TARIFFLIBERALIZATION FOR WOMEN:TRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESSTRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESSTRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESSPublic Disclosure Authorized Data and Analytical FrameworkTRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESS Guido Porto with Deborah WinklerTRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESS March, 2026Public Disclosure Authorized ASSESSING THE WELFAREIMPACT OF TARIFFLIBERALIZATION FOR WOMEN:TRADE, COMPETITION, AND BUSINESS Data and Analytical Framework Guido Porto with Deborah Winkler March, 2026 A verified reproducibility package for this publication isavailable at http://reproducibility.worldbank.org, click here fordirect access. © 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of TheWorld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in theinformation, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes,or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other informationshown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal statusof any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authoredby others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the contentof their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination ofits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as longas full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: Miikka Luotio for Unsplash TABLEOF CONTENTS Abstract11. Introduction22. Analytical Framework42.1.Expenditures52.2.Farm Production and Labor Income52.3.Trade and Household Welfare53. Household Impacts of Trade for Women Data73.1.Women’s Characteristics in the Household Data104. Applications124.1.Gains from Agricultural Tariff Liberalization134.2.The Distribution of the Gains from Trade175. Conclusion19References20 ABS. ABSTRACT Assessing the Welfare Impacts of Tariff Liberalization for Women:Data and Analytical Framework1 Guido Porto2with Deborah Winkler3. March, 2026. This paper presents a dataset and an analytical framework to study the welfareeffects of tariff changes on women. The data is an extension of the HouseholdImpactsof Tariffs(HIT)dataset,which contains harmonized householdsurvey data for 54 low and lower middle-income countries. It includes highlydisaggregated information on household budget and income shares for 53agricultural products, wage labor income, non-farm enterprise sales and transfersas well as spending on manufacturing and services for each percentile of the realincome distribution. The Household Impact of Trade for Women (HIT_W) datapresented here differentiates expenditure and income shares for householdswith male heads, households with female heads, and households with differentfemale demographic compositions. The analytical framework delivers formulasthat can be used to measure the impacts of changes in tariffs on household realincome. INTRODUCTION The data is an extension of the Household ImpactsofTariffs(HIT)dataset of Artuç,Porto andRijkers (2021). The HIT data contain harmonizedhousehold survey data for 54 low and lower middleincome countries. It includes highly disaggregatedinformationon household budget and incomeshares for 53 agricultural products, wage laborincome, non-farm enterprise sales and transfers aswell as spending on manufacturing and services foreach percentile of the real income distribution. TheHousehold Impact of Trade for Women (HIT_W)datapresented here extends Artuç,Porto andRijkers(2021)to differentiate expenditure andincome shares for households with male heads,households with female heads, and households This paper presents a dataset and an analyticalframework to study the welfare effects of tariffchanges on women. The measure of welfare isreal income. Thus, the tools developed here takeinto account the effects of trade liberalizationon the prices paid by consume