2026年增长和竞争力的基础

Foundations for Growthand Competitiveness2026 This work was approved and declassified by the Economic Policy Committee on 13/11/2025. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Please cite this publication as:OECD (2026),Foundations for Growth and Competitiveness 2026, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/40a7532f-en. ISBN 978-92-64-93191-6 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-41677-2 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-83514-6 (HTML) Photo credits:Cover © S.Phoophinyo/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2026 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements Thispublication was prepared by the Economics Department’s Foundations for Growth andCompetitiveness unit: Nicolas Ruiz, Joana Duran-Franch, Alvaro Leandro, Sebastien Turban, AgnèsCavaciuti and Marnix Dek, under the supervision of Dan Andrews, and the general supervision of AsaJohansson and Filiz Unsal. The Foundations for Growth and Competitiveness exercise relies heavily on contributions from the CountryDesks of the Country Studies Branch of the Economics Department and co-operation with other OECDdirectorates. The publication also benefitted from comments from country delegates. Editorial support wasprovided by Alexandra Purtell Jordan. Earlier drafts of the report were discussed by the Economic Policy Committee’s Working Party No. 1. Thisreport is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Table of contents Acknowledgements 8 Editorial 10 ISO Codes Executive Summary12 1 Overview 1. Introduction182. Priorities for foundational growth conditions: enabling factors333. Shaping incentives for businesses and individuals484. Guiding and supporting activities through targeted and sectoral policies775. Structural reforms amid fiscal and political constraints85References91Annex 1.A. The F4GC policy prioritisation model111Annex 1.B. Estimating the short-term impact of structural reforms using local projections anddifferences-in-differences115Annex 1.C. List of indicators in the F4GC database117 2 Country Notes 129 Argentina130Australia134Austria138Belgium142Brazil146Bulgaria150Canada154Chile158China162Colombia166Costa Rica170Croatia174Czechia178Denmark182Estonia186Finland190France194 GermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIrelandIsrae