埃及外商直接投资质量评估：连接国内外企业以提高生产力和创造更好的就业机会

Connecting Foreign andDomestic Firms forProductivityandBetterJobs FDI Qualities Review of Egypt CONNECTING FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FIRMSFOR PRODUCTIVITY AND BETTER JOBS This work was approved and declassified by the Investment Committee on 28/11/2025. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Photo credits:Cover © Kateryna Kolesnyk/iStock by Getty Images Plus. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword ThisFDI Qualities Review of Egypt examines how foreign direct investment (FDI) can contribute toproductivity, innovation, job quality, and skills development. While foreign investment serves as a vitalsource of financing for Egypt, sustaining and deepening the current reform efforts isessential to ensure itsbenefits are more equitably distributed across society and to foster the growth of a knowledge-basedeconomy. The review evaluates the policy and regulatory environment shaping technology transfer fromforeign multinationals to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It offers policy recommendations tostrengthen the spillover potential of FDI, enhance the ability of Egyptian SMEs to absorb new knowledge,and strengthen Egypt’s integration in global value chains. The reviewwas prepared by the OECD in co-operation with the Ministry of Planning,EconomicDevelopment, and International Cooperation(MPEDIC) and the General Authority for Investment (GAFI),and with the support of a dedicated taskforce that included the Micro, Small and Medium EnterprisesDevelopmentAgency(MSMEDA),Industrial Development Authority(IDA),Information TechnologyIndustry Development Agency (ITIDA), Technology and Innovation Entrepreneurship Centre (TIEC),Export Development Authority (IDA), Industrial Modernisation Center (IMC), the National Council forWomen (NCW), and the Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS). Guidance,support, and inputs from MPEDIC’s Heba Youssef and Nur Islam and GAFI’s Amr Abou El-Foutouh, HebaAbdellatif, Radwa Kamouna, Eman Mansour, and Fatma Safwat Abdelaziz were instrumental to successfulcompletion of the review. The review was drafted between January 2024 and September 2025, drawing on in-person consultation