东亚地区能源与人工智能（AI）

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract This report was commissioned by the Korea Energy Economics Institute and wascarried out jointly by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Korea EnergyEconomics Institute. The study has three objectives in the context of East Asia.First is to explore the possibilities presented by AI for the energy sector. Secondis to examine the expected increase in electricity demand by data centres, and theimpact on grid planning and operation. Third is to provide policy recommendationsfor embracing the opportunities presented by the application of AI to energy, aswellas policies for proactively managing the challenges presented by theconsumption of energy by AI. The analysis extends and updates the IEA’s existinganalysis,Energy and AI, with a focus on East Asia. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Korea Energy Economics Institute(KEEI) prepared this report. Leading the project was Eren Çam, Energy Analystat the Electricity Systems and Markets (ESM) Division. Dr Sanglim Lee of the KEEIprovided valuable guidance throughout the process. The lead author was Ja Hyun Kim, with co-ordination support from Eren Çam.Other IEA colleagues provided important contributions, including Rosa Lawrence,Matthew Davis and John Moloney. Keisuke Sadamori, Director of Energy Markets and Security at the IEA, andProfessorYoungduk Pak provided expert comments and senior guidance.Valuable comments and guidance were provided by other senior managementwithin the IEA, including Maria Sicilia, Head of ESM, and Dennis Hesseling, Headof Gas and Coal Markets Division. IEAcolleagues across the agency provided valuable input,comments andfeedback, in particular, Jeseung Choi, Thomas Spencer, Siddharth Singh, VincentJacamon,CarlosFernández Alvarez,Camille Paillard,Grace Henry,Augustin Lorne, Floris van Dedem, Teo Lombardo and Gabriel Saive. The reportwas edited by Justin French-Brooks. Table of contents Introduction............................................................................................................................... 6What is AI?.............................................................................................................................. 8AI in East Asia....................................................................................................................... 11How are energy and AI connected? ..................................................................................... 14Regional context and challenges.......................................................................................... 15Chapter 1. AI for energy......................................................................................................... 20AI for renewable energy........................................................................................................ 20AI for the power grid.............................................................................................................. 33AI for end users..................................................................................................................... 39AI for energy innovation ........................................................................................................ 50Chapter 2. Energy for AI ........................................................................................................ 56Energy use in data centres ................................................................................................... 56Outlook for electricity consumption for AI in East Asia and beyond..................................... 64Providing low-emissions electricity for data centres............................................................. 69Connecting data centres to the grid..............