老挝人民民主共和国：2026-2035年国家抗菌药物耐药性战略计划

Table of Contents FOREWORD............................................................................................................................4ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................5ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................6GLOSSARY.............................................................................................................................71.INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................82.REGIONAL AMR SITUATION........................................................................................93.HEALTH SYSTEM IN LAO PDR...................................................................................104.AMR SITUATION IN LAO PDR.....................................................................................114.1.Progress of activities across the AMR spectrum.....................................................124.1.1.Governance and coordination....................................................................................124.1.2.Progress on AMR surveillance...................................................................................124.1.3.Progress on AMU (m-AMU) surveillance....................................................................134.1.4.Progress on AMU (c-AMU) surveillance.....................................................................144.1.5.Progress on IPC programs.........................................................................................15 4.2.1.Improving coordination and governance....................................................................164.2.2.Accelerating awareness and education......................................................................174.2.3.Strengthening microbiology diagnostic services.........................................................174.2.4.Delivering IPC interventions.......................................................................................17 5.TRENDS OF AMR IN LAO PDR...................................................................................19 5.1.MRSA and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)E. colitrend...................19 6.1.How has the NSP been revised?............................................................................226.2.Long-term vision, strategic directions, and outcomes.............................................236.2.1.Long-term strategic outcomes....................................................................................23 6.3.Vision, mission, and strategic objectives.................................................................24 6.3.1.Vision..........................................................................................................................246.3.2.Mission.......................................................................................................................246.3.3.Strategic objectives....................................................................................................25 6.6.Governance structure and coordination matrix.......................................................316.7.Phase implementation framework for NSP-AMR....................................................33 7.STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND INTERVENTIONS...................................................35 7.1.Strategic objective 1: Reduce the spread of AMR through awareness, youtheducation, social and behavioral sciences, and media outreach programs............357.2.Strategic objective 2: Enhance the generation and use of quality and reliable AMRsurveillance data to inform evidence-based policy and interventions.....................367.3.Strategic objective 3: Limit the incidence of antibiotic resistance through practicaland cost-effective interventions and preventive measures.....................................377.4.Strategic objective 4: Promote access to and rational use of quality antimicrobialsacross sectors with stewardship programs and stringent regulations and laws......387.5.Strategic objective 5: Ensure sustainable AMR governance through a strengthenedOne Health coordination mechanism, including private sectors and civil societyorganizations...........................................................................................................39 8.SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES........................................................41 9.1.Rationale.................................................................................................................439.1.1.Goal 1: Reach 90% minimum requirements standards for IPC across all AMR sentinelsites............................................................................................................................439.1.2.Goal 2: Increase by 30% (from 2026 baseline) knowledge and awareness of AM