2025年全球发展报告

Jointly Bringing Stability and Certainty toGlobal Development GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT2025 Jointly Bringing Stability andCertainty to Global Development ISBN 978-7-119-14475-7© Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd, Beijing, China, 2025Published by Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, ChinaDistributed by China International Book Trading Corporation35 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Beijing 100044, ChinaP.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Printed in the People’s Republic of China Editorial Board Director Lu Hao Deputy Directors Long GuoqiangCong Liang Zhang ShunxiZhang QiZhang Laiming Members(in alphabetical order by surname) Gao ShijiWang JinzhaoZhang JinMa MingjieXu WeiZhou TaidongFang JinTian JietangYu JunZhuo XianLi JianweiWu ZhenyuZhang Liping International Advisory Panel(in alphabetical order by surname) Professor of Economics and Carl Marks Professor of International Studies atCornell University, and former Chief Economist and Senior Vice Presidentfor Development Economics of the World Bank Group Kaushik Basu Chief Economist and Senior Vice President for Development Economics ofthe World Bank Group Indermit Gill Professor of Globalization and Development at the University of Oxford,and former Vice President of the World Bank Group Ian Goldin Former Director of the East Asian Institute at the National University ofSingapore, and former World Bank Country Director for China, Mongoliaand Korea in the East Asia and Pacific Region Bert Hofman Adviser to India’s former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Founderand Chairman of the Forum for a New South Asia, India Founding Director of the Centre of Development Studies and EmeritusChong Hua Professor in Chinese Development, University of Cambridge Peter Nolan Former Senior Minister and Special Adviser to the former Prime Minister ofEthiopia Arkebe Oqubay Professor Emeritus at the BI Norwegian Business School, and SeniorMember of the Club of Rome Jorgen Randers President of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Directorof the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, andformer Special Adviser to the United Nations Secretary General Jeffrey Sachs President of the Institute of Applied Economic Research, Brazil Professor Emeritus of Economics and Former Dean of the Graduate Schoolof Business at Stanford University, and Senior Fellow at the HooverInstitution Co-founder of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Indonesia Founding Dean of the Blavatnik School of Government and Professor ofGlobal Economic Governance at the University of Oxford 1Foreword6Acronyms and Abbreviations 9Part I General Report 11Chapter IOverall Progress on the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment 121.1 Economic development191.2 Human wellbeing251.3 Environmental protection291.4 Partnerships 35Chapter IIJoining Hands to Enhance Stability and Certainty in GlobalDevelopment 362.1 Increasing factors of instability and uncertainty in global development402.2 Certainties and favorable conditions for global development still exist452.3 Jointly promoting more inclusive, equitable and resilient globaldevelopment 55Part II Thematic Report 57Chapter IIIJointly Maintaining an Open and Cooperative GlobalTrading System 583.1 Profound transformations are reshaping the global trade landscape613.2 Global trade faces challenges and shocks from unilateralism andprotectionism 643.3 Remaining committed to opening up and cooperation and leveragingtrade to power global economic growth 69Chapter IVActively Addressing New Climate Challenges 704.1 Global temperatures breached the critical limit for the first time, causingserious impacts744.2 Global actions against climate change have been put to the test814.3 Deepening cooperation towards global climate goals 91Chapter VJoining Hands to Prevent Global Health Risks 925.1 Overall improvement in global health conditions975.2 Lingering risks in global health1015.3 Joint efforts to avert and contain global health risks 107Chapter VIJointly Promoting Agricultural Development to EmpowerGlobal Poverty Reduction and Bolster Food Security 1086.1 Global food security and the poverty situation are gradually improving1136.2 Global food security improvement and poverty reduction still face severechallenges1186.3 Agricultural development cooperation should be promoted to empowerpoverty reduction and bolster food security 129Chapter VIIAdvancing the Industrialization of Developing Countriesin the New Context 1307.1 The industrialization of developing countries is slow overall, with varyingprogress across different regions 1347.2 The industrialization of developing countries is facing new circumstancesand conditions 147Chapter VIIIEmpowering Global Development with DigitalTechnology 1488.1 An unprecedented wave of digital revolution is unfolding1528.2 The digital revolution has created significant new opportunities for globaldevelopment1568.3 Risks and challenges in the pro