发展中国家的电动汽车：成本效益分析和政策指导

Cost Benefit Analysis and Policy Guidance © 2026 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data includedin this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies inthe information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and otherinformation shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citationof works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by thoseauthors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Wenxin Qiao and Binyam Reja “World Bank. 2026.ElectricMobility in Developing Countries: Cost Benefit Analysis and Policy Guidance. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;email:pubrights@worldbank.org. Table of Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................................................viiiAcknowledgements.........................................................................................................................................ixAbbreviations....................................................................................................................................................xExecutive Summary.......................................................................................................................................xiiChapter 1.Global Landscape of the BEV Transition...............................................................................11.1Electric Mobility as an Economic and Social Imperative...........................................................21.2Analytical Scope and Methodology................................................................................................31.3Stylized Patterns Emerging from the Analysis...........................................................................51.4Segment-Specific Findings from the Analysis..........................................................................141.5Implications for Job Market and Structural Transformation..............................................191.6EV Adoption in Developing Countries: Policy Implications and Recommendations........23References...................................................................................................................................................27Chapter 2.The Economics of Electric Vehicles – Methodologies for Assessment................................2.1Accelerated Adoption of Electric Vehicles.................................................................................292.2Regional Trends of EV Adoption..................................................................................................302.3Summary...........................................................................................................................................38References..................................................................................................................................................39Chapter 3.Assessment Framework, Methodologies, and Country Analysis3.1Assessment Framework................................................................................................................453.2Cost Modules....................................................................................................................................453.3Job Module........................................................................................................................................533.4Country Studies................................................................................................................................573.5Conclusions..............................