黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态调查报告（英）

Contents Abstract..........................................................................................................................11.Overview of natural environment.............................................................................. 32.Summary of the survey..............................................................................................63.The coral reef ecosystemstatusof Huangyan Dao.................................................... 93.1The reef-building coral coverage area on Huangyan Dao reef platformstaying stable.......................................................................................................... 93.2Coral reef ecosystemofHuangyan Daomaintaininghealthy.........................93.3Extensive and lush seagrass distributed in the northern part of the lagoon ofHuangyan Dao..................................................................................................... 144.The coral reef ecosystemstatusofHuangyan Dao National Nature Reserve.........164.1Coral reef ecosystemmaintainingin good condition.................................... 164.2A rich variety of endangered wildlife............................................................17 Abstract HuangyanDao has always been China’s inherent territory.China possessesindisputable sovereignty over Zhongsha Qundao and the adjacent waters includingHuangyan Dao, and has sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the relevant waters. From May to October 2025, South China Sea Ecological Center ofMinistry ofNatural Resources, along with South China Sea Development Research Institute,South China Sea Survey Center,South China Sea Marine Forcast and HazardMitigation Center, BeihaiMarine Center, South China Sea Sea Area and Island The report indicates the following results. (1) The coral reef ecosystemofHuangyanDao isin an overall healthy condition. A total of 135 species of reef-building coralsbelonging to 36 genera and 13 families are recorded. The hard coral cover ofHuangyan Daoisrelativelyhigh, butwith regional variations.Coral reef fishes and mydas,Eretmochelys imbricata,Tridacna crocea,Tridacna maxima,Charonia tritonis, andCypraea tigris. Analysis shows that in the 1960s and 1970s, the illegal military activities—such asbomb-dropping exercises—by the Philippines and other relevant countries causedsevere damages to the coral reef of Huangyan Dao. Recently, illegal fishing andfrequent intrusions by the Philippines have caused a great stress on the ecosystem. After the establishment of Huangyan Dao National Nature Reserve, strict protectionmeasures and necessary ecological restoration efforts will be implemented to help Located in the central South China Sea, Huangyan Dao is an important part ofZhongsha Qundao(Figure 1-1), within the jurisdiction of Sansha City, Hainan 1.Overview of natural environment Huangyan Dao is a large atoll that outcrops at low tide, with a shape resembling anisosceles triangle measuring about 14.5 km long from south to north and about 13.6km wide from east to west. The lagoon features a complex geomorphology, withdensely distributed patch reefs and a greater water depth in the central area, reaching The sea area of Huangyan Dao features a tropical oceanic monsoon climate. Theprevailing wind directions vary seasonally: northeastwind prevailsfromOctobertothe followingApril andsouthwestwind prevails fromMaytoSeptember, withthe 2.Summary of the survey In 2025, South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources along diving investigation, satellite and aerial remote sensing, in-situ observation to conducta multi-disciplinary survey coveringmarine biology and ecology, hydrometeorology,marine chemistry, and marine geologyoncoral reef ecosystem ofHuangyan Dao.The From May 28 to June 28, 2025, a total of 14 quantitative survey stations and 47qualitative patrol stations around the reef platform and lagoon were conducted forcoral reef ecosystem (Figure 2-1), covering 96 parameters of 4 categories: coralcommunities, reef-dwelling organisms, habitat environment, and threatening factors. 9 In addition, high-resolution satellite remote sensing images collected from 2015 to2025 were used to invert the reef platform substrate types (Figure 2-2), and tocalculate the reef platform area within a depth of 20 m as well as the coverage of 3.The coral reef ecosystemstatusofHuangyan Dao 3.1The reef-building coral coverage area on Huangyan Dao reef platform High-resolution satellite remote sensing images collected from 2015 to 2025 showthatthe reef-building coral coverage area on Huangyan Dao reef platform is 3.2Coral reef ecosystemofHuangyan Daomaintaininghealthy Reef-building coral species are abundant. A total of 135 species of reef-buildingcorals belonging to 36 genera and 13 families are found on Huangyan Dao—all listedas national second class protected wildlife in China, with the most species found inthe northeast region. Among the reef-building corals, the family Acro