5G频谱公共政策文件

GSMA Public Policy Paper May 2025 The GSMA is a global organisation unifying themobile ecosystem to discover, develop and deliverinnovation foundational to positive businessenvironments and societal change. Our vision isto unlock the full power of connectivity so thatpeople, industry and society thrive. Representingmobile operators and organisations across themobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, theGSMA delivers for its members across threebroad pillars: Connectivity for Good, IndustryServices and Solutions, and Outreach. This activityincludes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggestsocietal challenges, underpinning the technologyand interoperability that make mobile work, andproviding the world’s largest platform to convenethe mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 seriesof events. We invite you to find out more at gsma.com Contents Executive summary201.Full-power, licensed spectrum is vital to the success of 5G702.5G needs spectrum across low, mid- and high bands to delivercapacity in all areas and support the full range of use cases803.5G needs significant harmonised spectrum and clearing primebands should be prioritised to meet market demand904.High 5G spectrum prices should be avoided as this is linked toslower broadband speeds and lower coverage905.5G spectrum licence commitments and conditions must berelated to achievable targets, deducted from reserve prices, andused to benefit broadband connectivity1006.Spectrum policy measures should be adopted to encouragelong-term investment in networks1007.Spectrum for private and local networks can be made availablethrough public mobile networks, through network slicing, orsub-leasing of national licences1108.Voluntary spectrum sharing and sub-leasing between operatorsdoes not reduce the overall amount of spectrum required in anymarket1209.Regulators should carefully consider 5G backhaul needsincluding making additional bands available and supportingwider bandwidths in existing bands1310.WRC harmonisation helps the evolution of mobile13 Executive summary Background 5G, was launched commercially in 2018, is the current mobiletechnology, and is expected to continue developing into the 2030s.It is defined in a set of standardised specifications that are agreed onby international bodies, namely 3GPP and the ITU. 5G technologiessupport the use cases below. 5G offers enhanced capabilities when compared toprevious mobile technologies such as 4G. It providesconnectivity for consumers, governments andbusinesses, delivering mobile broadband alongsidesmart city and enterprise connectivity. 5G enablesindustrial digitalisation through MMTC, allowingInternet of Things (IoT) applications, cloud computingand AI through high-capacity networks, cell-edgeprocessing and other network functions. Fromautomated industrial manufacturing and autonomouscars, to a vast array of connected machines andsensors, 5G enables smart and efficient businesssolutions in sectors including utilities, manufacturingand transport. 1.Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB):a reliable100 Mbps download and 50 Mbps upload userexperience data rate in dense urban areas. 2.Ultra-reliable and low latency communications(URLLC):1ms latency and very high availability,reliability and security to support services such asVR and connected vehicles. 3.Massive machine-type communications (MMTC):the ability to support at least one million IoTconnections per square km with long battery lifeand extensive wide-area coverage. 4.Fixed Wireless Access (FWA):the ability to offerfibre type speeds to homes and businesses in ruraland urban areas in developed and developingmarkets. 5G features such as network slicing and mobile edgecomputing support enterprise connectivity. Networkslicing allows services to be precisely tailored tothe needs of an organisation in terms of requiredquality of service, speed, security and latency. Edgecomputing brings compute capabilities closer toconsumer and enterprise end users, enabling lowerlatencies. 5G is delivered over wide areas through the public,macro-cell, mobile network. This can be densifiedwith small cells in high-use areas if there is a businesscase for doing so. The capabilities of 5G services arehighly dependent on the type and amount of thespectrum used. 5G has grown faster than any other mobile technology, havingsurpassed 2 billion connections at the end of 2024. Growth will continuein the second half of this decade, and 5G connections are expected tosurpass 4G for by 2028. The GSMA’s 5G spectrum positions highlight theareas where governments, regulators, and themobile industry need to cooperate to expand 5G and5G-Advanced success. New funcationality will continue to develop through5G-Advanced and 5G will remain a platform forinnovation that will drive mobile into the 2030s. However, the speed, reach and quality of 5G servicescontinues to depend on governments and regulatorssupporting sufficient, affordable spectrum access.There is significant variation between cou