从连接性到覆盖范围：通过移动小额保险扩展弹性

Scaling resilience throughmobile‑enabled microinsurance GSMA Mobile Money The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobileecosystem to discover, develop and deliver innovationfoundational to positive business environments and societalchange. Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivityso that people, industry, and society thrive. The GSMA’s Mobile Money programme works to acceleratethe development of the mobile money ecosystem for theunderserved. For more information, please contact us: www.gsma.com/mobilemoney Representing mobile operators and organisations across themobile ecosystem and adjacent industries, the GSMA deliversfor its members across three broad pillars: Connectivity forGood, Industry Services and Solutions, and Outreach. Thisactivity includes advancing policy, tackling today’s biggestsocietal challenges, underpinning the technology andinteroperability that make mobile work, and providing theworld’s largest platform to convene the mobile ecosystem atthe MWC and M360 series of events. mobilemoney@gsma.com The Microinsurance Network is the global multi-stakeholderplatform for professionals and organisations that are committedto making insurance inclusive. Membership-based, we bringtogether diverse stakeholders from across the value chain whoshare our vision of a world where people of all income levelsare more resilient and less vulnerable to daily and catastrophicrisks. We encourage peer-to-peer exchange and learning,facilitate the generation of knowledge and research, and act asadvocates, promoting the role that effective risk managementtools, including insurance, play in supporting the broaderdevelopment agenda. We invite you to find out more atwww.gsma.com Authors Gianluca Storchi and Rishi Raithatha – GSMA. www.microinsurancenetwork.org Contributors Richard Leftley and Kavita Tailor – independent consultants. This publication was supported by the Gates Foundationand the Government of Luxembourg. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the following people for peerreviews and input: Ashley Olson Onyango with GSMA,and Matthew Genazzini, Sara Orozco, Asier Achuteguiand Nicolas Morales with The Microinsurance Network. Marketing support was provided by Joyce Kong, GSMA. Contents Executive summary04 02Market overview12 2.1Unpacking the insurance value chain132.2The rationale for group policies162.3Key success factors for aggregators172.4How microinsurance is sold to consumers182.5The global microinsurance market202.6Mobile-enabled microinsurance trends22 03The regulatory framework for microinsurance24 3.1Regulatory innovation in microinsurance263.2Persistent regulatory challenges in microinsurance273.3Does mobile money prevalence impact microinsurance?29 04Charting the growth of mobile microinsurance30 4.1The freemium model324.2The opt-in or paid-for upsell model334.3The current models used for mobile-enabled microinsurance344.4Looking to the future of mobile-enabled microinsurance37 05Barriers to growth and enabling factors39 06Strategic recommendations43 Annexes46A1Methodology47A2List of interviewees48 Executive summary Microinsurance delivery models have evolvedover time, from the freemium model to standalonevoluntary products, hard bundles, and digitalmarketplaces.The freemium model for mobilemicroinsurance provided free insurance conditionalon users meeting transaction thresholds such asairtime top-ups. While this approach successfullydrove behavioural change and introduced millions toinsurance for the first time, the effect was generallyshort-lived. Ultimately, the freemium model struggledwith sustainability, with only 4% of mobile-enabledmicroinsurance products using this approach in 2025. Insurance provides a vital safety net to communitiesglobally, but insurance penetration continues to beextremely low across emerging economies.Theglobal target market for the microinsurance industrystands at 3 billion people. Of these, only 12% areestimated to hold at least one policy. In the same year,there were at least 1.8 billion registered mobile moneyaccounts. This shows a significant potential to closethe protection gap through mobile-enabled insurance. Mobile network operators (MNOs) and mobile moneyproviders (MMPs) are seen as natural distributionpartners for insurance, given their reach, consumertrust, and digital payment infrastructure.Themicroinsurance value chain blends three main actors:aggregators (like MNOs and MMPs), technical serviceproviders (TSPs who design and operationaliseproducts), and risk carriers (like local insurers). Whilebusiness-to-business or business-to-business-to-consumer models dominate, emerging joint venturesuse close alignment and embedded insurance to drivescale and impact. In many cases, the freemium model was replaced withan option for customers to up‑sell and start paying forthemselves or family members.This voluntary opt-inor paid-upsell insurance model often works via digitalplatforms or marketplaces within