员工如何在工作场所使用或不使用他们的技能

How Workers Use, or Don’t Use,theirSkills intheWorkplace How Workers Use, orDon’t Use, their Skills This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in Please cite this publication as: OECD (2026),How Workers Use, or Don’t Use, their Skills in the Workplace, Getting Skills Right, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/0e7c6dc9-en. ISBN 978-92-64-81638-1 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-43645-9 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-92918-0 (HTML) Getting Skills RightISSN 2520-6117 (print)ISSN 2520-6125 (online) Photo credits:Cover © PintoArt/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2026 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in Foreword In recent decades, skills policies across OECD countries havefocusedprimarily on expanding the supplyof skills. Governments have made substantial investments in education, training and lifelong learning,improving access and attainment for millions of adults. These efforts have strengthened the foundation ofhuman capitalthat underpins modern economies. However, developing skills is only part of the story.Evidence shows that economic and social returns depend not only on what people know, but also on how This report draws on the latest cycle of the OECD Survey of Adult Skills to examine how the use of skillshas evolved over the past decade and which skills are most frequently deployed in today’s workplaces. Ithighlightscross-country patterns and differences,and analyses how skills use relates to wages,productivity and workers’ well-being. The report also explores how individual and job characteristics–such This PIAAC thematic report has been prepared as part of the work programme of the Board of ParticipatingCountries (BPC) of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies(PIAAC). The BPC provides strategic oversight and guidancefor the development and use of the Surveyof Adult Skills. The Survey of Adult Skills assesses adults’ proficiency in key information processing skills The report was prepared by Michele Tuccio from the Directorate for Employment, Labour and SocialAffairs, under the supervision of Glenda Quintini (Head of the Skills and Future Readiness Division).Valuable comments were received by Stefano Scarpetta (Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Table of contents 3 Foreword Executive summary 1 Which skills are used where In BriefIntroductionThe broken link between skillsproficiency and skills useSkills use across countriesHow workers’ and jobs’ characteristics relate to skills use 2 Why skills use matters In BriefIntroductionSkills use and wagesThe broader links between skills use at work, inequality and productivitySkills use and worker well-beingReferences 3 How has skills use changed over time In BriefIntroductionThe evolution of the use of skills in the workplaceHow skills use is changing across occupationsAre low-qualified workers catching up in terms of skills use?Are women bridging the gender gap in skills use?References Annex A. Indicators of skills use at work in PIAAC FIGURES Figure1.1. Literacy proficiency and use of reading skills at workFigure1.2. Share of workers with underutilised skills Figure1.3. Skills use by countryFigure1.4. Average use of information-processing skills at workFigure1.5. Average use of generic skills at workFigure1.6. Correlation between use of numeracy at work and in everyday life, by countryFigure1.7. Women’s use of skills at workFigure1.8. Predicted use of selected skills at work by ageFigure1.9. Predicted skills use at work by educational attainmentFigure1.10. Predicted skills use at work by occupationFigure2.1. Wage returns to skills useFigure2.2. Wage returns to skills proficiency and skills useFigure2.3. Wage returns to selected skills use by countryFigure2.4. Wage returns to skills use by age groupFigure2.5. Wage inequality and inequality in the use of reading skills at workFigure2.6. Labour pro