中国人工智能学会系列白皮书⸺语言智能

中国人工智能学会二○二五年八月 中国人工智能学会系列白皮书⸺语言智能 中国人工智能学会二○二五年八月 《中国人工智能学会系列白皮书》编委会 主任：戴琼海 执行主任：马华东 副主任：赵春江何友王恩东郑庆华刘成林周志华孙富春庄越挺胡德文杜军平杨强 委员：陈松灿董振江付宜利高新波公茂果古天龙何清胡清华黄河燕季向阳蒋田仔林浩哲梁吉业刘奕群潘纲石光明孙茂松孙长银陶建华王海峰王熙照王轩王蕴红吴飞于剑余有成张化光张学工章毅周鸿祎周杰祝烈煌 《中国人工智能学会系列白皮书---语言智能》编写组 周建设刘杰袁家政余正涛林鸿飞姜孟薛嗣媛周俊生黄于欣许明英张晴 目录 第一章语言智能概述................................................21.1引言................................................................................................................21.2语言智能的发展阶段划分与核心演进........................................................21.2.1早期探索阶段：规则驱动与符号主义（1950s-1990s）.................21.2.2理论奠基与初步尝试（1950s-1970s）.............................................21.2.3统计方法的初步渗透（1980s-1990s）.............................................31.3统计学习阶段：特征工程与浅层模型（2000s-2010s中期）..................31.3.1统计学习模型的广泛应用.................................................................31.3.2语料库建设与评估体系完善.............................................................41.4神经网络崛起阶段：词向量与序列建模（2013-2017）...........................41.4.1词向量技术的语义革命.....................................................................41.4.2序列建模的技术突破.........................................................................41.4.3注意力机制的初步探索.....................................................................51.5Transformer革命阶段：预训练范式与模型规模化（2017-2022）..........51.5.1Transformer架构的革命性突破........................................................51.5.2预训练语言模型的双路径发展.........................................................51.5.3预训练技术的持续迭代.....................................................................61.6生成式AI爆发阶段：大语言模型与生态构建（2022至今）..............61.6.1ChatGPT的技术突破与生态影响.....................................................61.6.2全球大模型生态的构建.....................................................................71.6.3训练方法学的优化与效率提升.........................................................71.7语言智能的未来............................................................................................81.7.1高效训练与推理技术.........................................................................81.7.2可信AI与可解释性技术...................................................................81.7.3多模态融合与通用智能.....................................................................81.7.4垂直领域的深度适配.........................................................................91.8小结................................................................................................................9第二章语言智能学科...............................................152.1语言智能学科概念的提出..........................................................................152.2语言智能概念的基本内涵..........................................................................172.2.1狭义理解...........................................................................................17 2.2.2广义理解...........................................................................................18 2.3语言智能学科概念提出的意义..................................................................19 2.3.1语言智能研究的历史.......................................................................192.3.2语言智能学科概念提出的价值与意义...........................................232.4语言智能学科框架......................................................................................282.4.1研究对象...........................................................................................282.4.2研究内容与范围...............................................................................282.4.3研究方法...........................................................................................292.4.4学科性质与定位...............................................................................302.5语言智能学科建设现状..............................................................................302.5.1总体概况...........................................................................................302.5.2建设案例...........................................................................................312.5.3问题与挑战.......................................................................................372.5.4不足与未来发展...............................................................................372.6语言智能与外语学科智能化转型..............................................................382.7语言智能研究的新动向..............................................................................402.7.1语言人文基因计算...........................................................................402.7.2语言产业...........................................................................................412.7.3语言智能治理...................................................................................41第三章语言智能技术...............................................453.1基础支撑技术..............................................................................................453.1.1自然语言理解...................................................................................453.1.2语音信号处理...................................................................................463.1.3图像视觉处理...................................................................................473.1.4词向量技术....