无形的障碍：性别规范如何影响金融包容性：规范分类和制定解决策略的框架（英）

A framework for classifying normsand developing strategies to address themPublic Disclosure Authorized September 2025•Nisha Singh, Antonique Koning, and Joanna Ledgerwood Rights and Permissions Acknowledgments This Focus Note is a culmination of insights from severalyears of CGAP research on gender norms affectingwomen’s financial inclusion (WFI). The authors are This work is available under the Creative CommonsAttribution 4.0 International Public License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Under the The research team thanks its peer reviewers for theirvaluable feedback: Jamie Anderson, Yasmin Bin-Humam,Eric Duflos, Xavier Faz, Gayatri Murthy, and Alice Negreof CGAP; Abby Dalton and Tasmia Rahman of the World Attribution—Cite the work as follows: Singh, Nisha,Antonique Koning, and Joanna Ledgerwood. 2025.“Invisible Barriers: How Gender Norms ImpactFinancial Inclusion: A framework for classifying normsand developing strategies to address them.” Focus The team is also grateful to Nokuthula Nkhoma andJahda Swanborough for communications and editorial Translations—If you create a translation of this work,add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was not created by CGAP/World Bank CGAP 1818 H Street, NW, MSN F3K-306Washington, DC 20433Website:www.cgap.org Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work,please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by Cover photo by Media Lens King, 2023. © CGAP/World Bank, 2025. Preface Detailed guidance for funders and market facilitatorson how to carry out these steps is included in twotechnical guides. The first, “Diagnosing GenderNorms in the Financial Market System: A PracticalGuide” (Singh, Ledgerwood, and Koning 2025) ispublished by CGAP and offers guidance onhow toundertake Step 1 (Diagnose gender norms in themarket system).The second Technical Guide, “From The framework presented in this Focus Note offers aconceptual foundation for identifying and categorizinggender norms relevant to women’s financial inclusion(WFI) and outlines potential strategies for addressingthem. The framework is designed to support The more detailed technical guidance takes fundersand market facilitators through four-steps in the projectcycle for effectively addressing gender norms in their •Step 1:Diagnosegender norms in the market system In addition to these publications, CGAP has publishedbespoke guidance for financial sector regulators,who have access to gender norms diagnostics, on •Step 2:Createa vision for the future •Step 3:Design and Implementinterventions•Step 4:Assesschange and adapt. These steps were first outlined in 2021, CGAPpublished “Addressing Gender Norms to IncreaseFinancial Inclusion: Designing for Impact,” which made Contents Executive Summary Introduction Role of gender norms in financial inclusionThe value of understanding gender norms in financial inclusionWhat this Focus Note covers, and who it is for Classification of Gender Norms A. Deeply entrenched normsB. Shifting normsC. Flexible yet widespread normsD. Relaxing norms Intervention Strategies to Address Gender Norms A. “Circumvent norms” strategy for deeply entrenched normsB. “Align expectations” strategy for shifting normsC. “Leverage positive deviants” strategy for flexible yet widespread normsD. “Reinforce norm transformation” strategy for relaxing norms From Understanding to Action: A Call for Financial System TransformationThe imperative for immediate action References 23 Annex: Interventions Addressing Gender Norms in Financial Inclusion Acronyms CGAPConsultative Group to Assist the PoorCICOcash-in cash-outFSDfinancial sector deepeningFSPfinancial services providerIFCInternational Finance CorporationIFPRIInternational Food Policy Research Institute INGOinternational nongovernmental organizationKYCknow your customerMFImicrofinance institutionMSMEmicro, small, and medium enterpriseSMEsmall and medium enterpriseT-KYCmulti-tiered know your customerVSLAvillage savings and loan associationWEEwomen’s economic empowermentWFIwomen’s financial inclusion Glossary development actors:Bilateral and multilateral donors,private foundations, and concessional/ impact investorsthat provide technical assistance or grants, and marketfacilitators such as financial sector deepening (FSD)organizations and international nongovernmental meta-norms:Foundational social rules that operateacross sectors, influencing and shaping multiplecontext-specific behavioral norms. The key meta-norms personal beliefs:People’s individual preferences,independent of what others do or what is believed to evolution of the norm:People’s beliefs about how theexpectations around what women and men can andcannot do have changed over time, and what drives prevalence:The extent to which norms are widelyrecognized and adhered to by different market actors sanctions:Both actual and anticipated social reactionsto beh