石油市场报告-2025年12月

Methodology Notes Oil Industry and Markets Division August 2024 Contents Introduction (updated)..........................................................................................................................................3Refining hubs........................................................................................................................................................4Refinery configuration and product yields (updated)..............................................................................................4Crude grades (updated).........................................................................................................................................5Petrochemical margins..........................................................................................................................................6Emission costs (updated).......................................................................................................................................7Energy consumption costs (updated).....................................................................................................................7 Introduction(updated) The Oil Industry and Markets Division of the International Energy Agency has published refinerymargins since June 1992 in its monthly Oil Market Report.In 2022, the IEA refining marginscalculation was revised (Methodology 2022) to provide an indicative site average margin based -Geography, namely: Mediterranean, North West Europe, Singapore, the US Gulf Coast, and -Crude processed: selection based on typical regional crude slate, accessibility, API and -Refinery complexity profile: Hydroskimming, catalytic cracking, coking and petrochemicals This note detailsthenewAugust 2024methodology(Figure 1)thatintegrates: -the utility costson top of the existing calculationsuch as natural gas, refinery fuelgas, LPG,fuel oil, electricity, petroleum coke,imported steam To avoid double counting, initial energy use assumptions and hydrogen needs calculations havebeen removed from the new process.The objective is to provide a more realistic refining margin In order to get the utilities data, the source that has been chosen is the IEA World Energy Statistics.This country-level dataset is calculated from the annual submission by the OECD members. Itcontains the throughput and the consumption of all types of energy quoted aboveon a country IEA refinery margins remain strictly indicative, however, and do not include the full spectrum ofothernon-energy variable costs (such as chemicals or catalysts),capital expendituresor man These margins should be referenced as IEA Global Indicator Refinery Margins. On the charts andtables, referenced in IEA publications, the source should be identified as IEA/Argus MediaGroup Refining hubs For now, the IEA will continue assessing refinery margins for five regions, including only Northwest EuropeMediterranean EuropeUS Gulf CoastUS Midcontinent Refinery configuration and product yields Two to three types of refinery configurations are selected per region, based on the characteristicsof existing refinery capacity. For example, coking facilities are not very common in Northwest Our main purpose is to track a hypothetical average refinery, based on prevailing crude diets andtypical product outputs in each refining centre.Yields take into account both long-term structural Initially, themethodologywasdiverting from software-simulated refinery yields where thespecified configuration and crude grade drive the outputs.The methodology now implementssome empirical featuresto calculate the yields.For some regions, the yields are now adjusteddepending on the available data. For instance, USGC and USMC yields are obtained fromU.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) publications.Northwest Europe and Mediterranean Observed product yields are simplified toincludeonly major traded products. Refining crude oil usually results in a volumetric expansion as products coming out of the process,and in general, products used in various sectors, tend to be lighter than crude oil. It also results inlosses as sulphur, hydrogen, and other non-hydrocarbon gases, water, and various impurities areremoved in the refining process. We use the difference in densities of a standard product basket For US refineries, we assume a neutral standing with regards to the renewable fuel obligations.This means that an average US refinery is assumedneitherto have a deficit nor excess of The yield table is availablebelow. Crude grades(updated) Instead of tying refinery margin calculations to a specific grade, our new methodology is basedon types of crude. We consider light sweet, medium sour and heavy sour grades, which may be achronological composite of several crude grades that reflect evolving crude oil supply and tradedynamics. For example, Singapore light sweet grade is composed of Tapis quotes until mid-2019and then replac