数字经济中的国际投资：政策制定者的工具包

A Toolkit for Policymakers International Investment A Toolkit for Policymakers All rights reserved worldwide Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: 405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.org the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD/DIAE/PCB/2025/4 eISBN: 978-92-1-157543-9Sales No. E.26.II.D.1 Acknowledgements Table of contents Abbreviations....................................................................................................vNote...................................................................................................................1Introduction.......................................................................................................2I. Shaping the foundations: data governance, intellectualproperty and competitiont................................................................................5 II. Stimulating investment..............................................................................23 III. Fostering impact........................................................................................37 Annex: summary of policy guidance.............................................................55Bibliography....................................................................................................59 Boxes Box I.2. Investment and innovation in the digital economy: the experienceof China with intellectual property legislation...................................................16Box I.3. Digital market frameworks....................................................................19 Figures Figure 1. Mapping the digital economy for investment analysis........................3Figure 2. Policies for the digital economy matter................................................4Figure I.1. Countries are active in the adoption of data governancepolicies.................................................................................................................10Figure I.2. Provisions on the free flow of data are gaining importance............13Figure I.3. Gaps remain in the adoption of WIPO treaties.................................15Figure I.4. Competition measures focus on abuse of dominance in allcountries...............................................................................................................18Figure I.5. Top 15 countries have a strong competition institutionalframework............................................................................................................21Figure II.1. An important share of screened projects in digital sectors...........25Figure II.2. Restrictions in digital economy-related sectors are more inmedia and telecommunications and consist mostly of foreign equity limits..27Figure II.3. A significant share of WTO members liberalized market accessfor FDI in selected digital services.....................................................................28Figure II.4. Facilitation is the second most used promotional digitalmeasure................................................................................................................30Figure II.5. Most digital investment facilitation measures targetedstreamlining..........................................................................................................30Figure II.6. Top 15 countries’ IPAs promote a wide range of digitaleconomy subsectors...........................................................................................34Figure II.7. Developing countries emphasize more incentives for digitalinfrastructure than developed ones...................................................................35Figure III.1. Developed and developing countries are actively regulatingcontent moderation..............................................................................................39Figure III.2. Digital economy-specific taxes are implemented more widelyby developed and top 15 countries than developing economies and LDCs...42Figure III.3. Developing countries take a more cross-cutting approach todigital tax policy measures.................................................................................43Figure III.4. E-waste regulations have been implemented in a third of LDCs and less than half of developing countries as opposed to nearly alldeveloped countries............................................................................................47 Abbreviations Note Introduction Figure 1. Mapping the digital economy for investment