尼泊尔：司法机构的数字化转型准备情况评估

APRIL 2025 © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /the World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington, D.C. 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000 This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibilityfor any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of theWorld Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes, as long as full attribution to this work is given. AttributionPlease cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2025.Nepal: Digital Transformation of the Judiciary: Readiness Assessment. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, the World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. NEPAL: DIGITALTRANSFORMATION APRIL 2025 Contents Plans for Modernization of Operational ProcessesPublic Perception of Integrity of the JudiciaryAccess to Justice ServicesAffordabilityInformation AvailabilityEfficiency Chapter 3. Pillar 2 – People and Skills StaffingTraining Chapter 4. Pillar 3 – Applications, Technology, and Infrastructure AutomationCase ProcessingCase RegistrationTechnology InfrastructureCybersecurityCommunicationsInteroperability Chapter 5. Recommendations for Accelerating the Digital Transformation of Nepal’s Judiciary Recommendation 1. Advance Business Process Re-EngineeringRecommendation 2. Develop an Enterprise ArchitectureRecommendation 3. Strengthen Information ManagementRecommendation 4. Modernize Information Technology ResourcesRecommendation 5. Digitalize Judicial ServicesRecommendation 6. Enhance CybersecurityRecommendation 7. Implement a Capacity-building Program Annexes Annex 1. List of Stakeholders ConsultedAnnex 2. World Bank Examples of Justice Sector Reform ProjectsAnnex 3. Justice Sector InstitutionsAnnex 4. Nepal’s Information and Communications Technology Policies Tables Table 1. Nepal – Justice Sector StakeholdersTable2.Nepal–Court-ProvidedLegalAid(CasesandBeneficiaries)Table3.Nepal–CourtClearanceRates(%)Table4.Nepal–DifferentiatedCaseManagementBacklog(July2022–July2023)Table 5. Nepal – National and Judicial Budget 2019–2024Table 6. Nepal – Number of Judicial Video Conferencing Since May 2021Table 7. Theory of Change Figures Figure 1. Readiness Assessment Digital Transformation FrameworkFigure2.Nepal–NationalBudgetversusJudiciaryBudget(FY20–24)Figure3.Judgesper100,000People(InternationalBenchmarks)Figure4.Nepal–OrganizationandStaffingofJudiciary’sITDepartment Boxes Box 1. Republic of Korea – Electronic Case Filing SystemBox 2. Republic of Korea – e-Courtroom EquipmentBox 3. Singapore – A New Standard of Interoperability Acronyms ADRAlternative Dispute ResolutionAPIApplication Programming InterfaceBCPBusiness Continuity PlanBPRBusiness Process ReengineeringCMSCase Management SystemCPUCentral Processing UnitCSOCivil Society OrganizationDCMDifferentiatedCaseManagementDIUDecision Implementation UnitDoITDepartment of Information TechnologyDRDisaster RecoveryDRPDisaster Recovery PlanEAEnterprise ArchitectureFYFiscal YearGEAGovernment Enterprise ArchitectureICTInformation and Communications TechnologyITInformation TechnologyJCJudicial CouncilJSCJudicial Service CommissionJSTCJudicial Service Training CenterLANLocal Area NetworkLGBTQILesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and IntersexLMSLearning Management SystemMoCITMinistry of Communications and Information TechnologyMoFMinistry of FinanceMoLJPAMinistryofLaw,Justice,andParliamentaryAffairsNEPCANepal Council of ArbitrationNDCNational Data CenterNGONon-Governmental OrganizationNJANational Judicial AcademyNLCNepal Law CommissionOAGOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneralOSOperational SystemPILPublic Interest LitigationPMSPersonnelManagementSoftwarePSCPublic Service CommissionSCSupremeCourt(ofNepal)TIMSTraining Information Management SystemWBGWorld Bank Group Acknowledgements This Readiness Assessment for the Digital Transformation of the Judiciary was produced by the World BankMacroeconomic, Public Sector, Trade, and Investment team, Nepa