矿产和金属可持续性标准与倡议盘点：利用可持续性标准与倡议和公共工具之间的协同作用加强环境治理

Leveraging synergies between Sustainability Standards and Initiativesand public instruments to enhance environmental governance © 2025 United Nations Environment Programme ISBN:978-92-807-4244-2Job number:DTI/2726/NADOI:https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/48989 The views expressed in this publication are those of theauthors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UnitedNations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and inany form for educational or non-profit services without specialpermission from the copyright holder, provided © Maps, photos and illustrations as specified. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any othercommercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission inwriting from the United Nations Environment Programme. Suggested citation:United Nations Environment Programme (2025).Stocktake ofSustainability Standards and Initiatives for minerals andmetals: Leveraging synergies between SustainabilityStandards and Initiatives and public instruments to enhance Disclaimers Production:NairobiURL:https://www.unep.org/resources/report/stocktake-sustainability-standards-and-initiatives-minerals- The designations employed and the presentation of thematerial in this publication do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Cover photo:Nejc Gostincar/iStockDesign & layout:Phillip Amunga Mention of a commercial company or product in thisdocument does not imply endorsement by the United NationsEnvironment Programme or the authors. The use of Co-produced with: Stocktake of SustainabilityStandards and Initiatives for Leveraging synergies between Sustainability Standards and Initiatives Acknowledgements Author team UNEP:Hannah Lily, Andrea Curcio Lamas.IGF:Sophia Esmail, Ottavia Austin Rezola, Bertram Lang. UNEP Supervising team and reviewers:Sheila Aggarwal-Khan, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Andrea Hinwood,Steven Stone, Elisa Tonda, Andrew David Raine, Djaheezah Subratty, Aphrodite Smagadi, CharlotteNdakorerwa, Lais Paiva Siqueira. IGF Supervising team and reviewers:Isabelle Ramdoo, Grégoire Bellois. External peer reviewers / expert advisers:Ahmed Ajabnoor (Government of Saudi Arabia), Sarah Anelay(Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Anna Apler (Government ofSweden), Eira Bergman (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)), Mauricio Cabrera Leal(Government of Colombia), Jose Diemel (Levin Sources), Pathé Dieye (Government of Senegal, andincorporating inputs from an African expert network), Kristi Disney Bruckner (Initiative for ResponsibleMining Assurance (IRMA)), Santiago Fernandez De Cordoba (United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment (UNCTAD)), Alejandro Gonzalez (SOMO - Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations),Cristina Larrea (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)), Cäcilie Le Gallic (Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development (OECD)), Teresa Kramarz (University of Toronto), John Lindberg (International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM)), Luca Maiotti (OECD), Antonia Mihaylova (ICMM), A special thanksfrom UNEP to the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment and UNEP Nature PlanetaryFund for their financial support to produce this report. This report is co-produced with the IGF: The Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF)supportsits more than 85 member countries in advancing their sustainable development goals through effective laws,policies, and regulations for the mining sector. The IGF helps governments take action to develop inclusiveand gender-equitable practices, optimize financial benefits, support livelihoods, and safeguard theenvironment. Its work covers the full mining lifecycle, from exploration to mine closure, and projects of all The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)is an award-winning independent think tankworking to accelerate solutions for a stable climate, sustainable resource management, and fair economies.Its work inspires better decisions and sparks meaningful action to help people and the planet thrive. It shinesa light on what can be achieved when governments, businesses, non-profits, and communities cometogether. IISD’s staff of more than 200 experts come from across the globe and from many disciplines. With Table of contents AcknowledgementsKey MessagesExecutive summaryIntroductionIntroducing Sustainability Standards and InitiativesGlobal context of the emergence of Sustainability Standards and InitiativesPublic instruments for governing environmental aspects of minerals and metalsOverview of the interplay between public instruments and List of Figures Cumulative proliferation of Sustainability Standards and Initiatives over timeNon-exhaustive and not mutually exclusive list of categorizations ofSustainability Standards and InitiativesExamples of environmen