高等教育数字化转型的异同——来自非洲、阿拉伯地区、亚洲、欧洲和美洲的视角

Perspectives from Africa, the Arab region, Asia, Europe,and the Americas This publication is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC This information may be freely used and copied for non-commercial purposes,provided that the source is acknowledged ( European University Association). European University Association asbl Avenue de l’Yser 241040 BrusselsBelgium+32 (0) 2 230 55 44 Rue du Rhône 114Case postale 31741211 Geneva 3, Switzerland+41 22 552 02 96 Authors This report has been established by synthesizing the main observations and findings from the regional reports, led by EUAand CAHE. Authors of the regional reports provided a major contribution by reviewing and commenting in several rounds China Association of HigherEducation (CAHE) Association of African Universities(AAU) EUA Michael GaebelDirector - Higher Education Policy UnitThomas JorgensenDirector - Policy Coordination andForesight UnitAlison MorrisroePolicy and Project Officer - Higher EducationPolicy Unit Professor Olusola Bandele OyewoleSecretary GeneralProfessor Frederick Ato ArmahDirector of Research and Programmes Zhang DaliangVice PresidentLi NanVice President and Secretary-GeneralHao QingjieDeputy Secretary-General, ResearcherGao XiaojieDeputy Secretary-GeneralYang YuhuiDeputy Director of the Planning andDevelopment Department and SeniorEngineer - Zhejiang University Association of Indian Universities(AIU) Dr(Mrs) Pankaj MittalSecretary GeneralDr Kuldeep DagarJoint Secretary American Council of Education (ACE) Hironao OkahanaManaging Researcher & Chief of Planningand ImpactErin BaldwinAssociate Director & Senior ProgramOfficerAlex ZhaoData scientist Association of Arab Universities(AArU) El Espacio Latinoamericano yCaribeño de Educación Superior(ENLACES) Amr Ezzat SalamaSecretary GeneralMoham Ziad AmaraHead of the Office of the Secretary General Professor Dr. Jorge Membrillo-HernandezTecnologico de MonterreyProfessor Elizabeth Bernal GamboaGeneral Secretary - ColombianAssociation of Universities (ASCUN)Professor Sandra Patricia Figueroa ChavezAcademic Deputy Director - ColombianAssociation of Universities (ASCUN) Introduction TheGlobal University Associations Forum(GUAF) brings together major university associations from around the globe.In2024,GUAF dedicated a working group to the issue of digital transformation.The purpose was to compare thedevelopments in digital transformation in higher education, with a focus on learning and teaching, and also in light of thedevelopments during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This report has been developed based on the regional and national reports submitted by GUAF members, which sharethe state of play and major developments in their regions and countries (see Annex for regional and national reports).Universities around the globe acknowledge the need to further explore blended and online learning to meet growingdemands for flexibility and accessibility. However, the challenges faced in implementation, such as technology access,infrastructure development, and educational strategies, vary significantly across different regions and countries. As thetitle suggests, the report presents the similarities in the approaches taken and the challenges encountered in the ongoingdigital transformation. There is considerable convergence in general trends and directions, but there are also some markeddifferences. For the details and references of the initiatives mentioned, please refer to the regional and national reportsin annex. Our joint work on the topic started in 2023; the regional and national reports were produced in autumn 2024, and thereforerepresentthe situation at that point in time.As digital developments are fast,and due to the recent emergence ofgenerative artificial intelligence (AI), there is constant evolution on this topic . Table of contents 9. Collaboration with industry Glossary Executive summary How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted digital approaches to teaching and learning at universities? This was one of theissues discussed at the Global University Associations Forum (GUAF) in 2023, at a time when the World Health Organisationhad recently announced the end of the pandemic, and universities had resumed face-to-face activities on campus. Allof the associations felt that the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected universities.Theimmediate impact was of course negative, as the pandemic disrupted higher education institutions’ normal functioningand caused significant hardship for students, staff and leadership. However, there were also some positive outcomes, asit required institutions to rethink and reorganise their higher education model, not only with regard to education, but alsoresearch, innovation, governance and management. Universities were forced to abandon their established approaches, forexample by pivoting to online provision and open-book examinations. This led to a reflection on how to make in