释放人工智能：改变发展中国家的创业格局

Artificial intelligence unleashed:Transforming the entrepreneurial © 2025, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of America The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment UNCTAD/DIAE/2025/4 ISBN: 978-92-1-154689-7eISBN: 978-92-1-157768-6Sales No. E.26.II.D.9 Acknowledgements This publication was prepared under the guidance of Alexander Dabbou and the overall directionof Nan Li Collins, Director, UNCTAD Division on Investment and Enterprise, who also serves asChair of the Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative. The UNCTAD report team was led by Arlette The publication benefited from advice, comments and inputs from within UNCTAD providedby Stephania Bonilla, Carmen Cobreros Ramirez, Chantal Dupasquier, Hamed El Kady, MahaEl Masri, Torbjörn Fredriksson, Viridiana Garces-Quiles, Angel González Sanz, Wai Kit Si Tou,Yi Liu, Stephania Mageste, Massimo Meloni, José Antonio Sánchez Rodríguez, Amelia Santos UNCTAD extends its full appreciation to the important contributions of Amandeep Singh Gill,Under-Secretary-General and Special Envoy for Digital and Emerging Technologies of the Office UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the extensive contributions of Natasha Crampton, HiroakiKitano and Demétrio Magno De Oliveira Souto. UNCTAD further gratefully acknowledges the valuable insights and comments provided throughinterviews with and reviews by Abdullah Aldeweesh, Ayantola Ayalande, Andrea Iorio, HebaKurdi, Benjamin Larsen, Yi Ying Ng, Tanvir Sourov and Brian A. Wong. Surveys were conducted with directors of over 40 Empretec centres, followed by interviews withGhada Alharbi, Sandra Anne Ghouse, Carla Goglia, Louis Nhlapo and Boru Shana. Cover design was undertaken by the UNCTAD Communication and External Relations Section.Layout and formatting were carried out by Beth Helfand and Peter Navarrette. Table of contents Overview..................................................................................... vToday’s state of affairs............................................................... 1Conducive environments for AI adoption................................. 4Building bridges: effective collaboration and stakeholderengagement..................................................................................... 5Defining responsibility and accountability in AI systems................... 7 Up for the challenge?............................................................... 13 The potential of open source and joint initiatives in AI adoption..... 18Empowering entrepreneurs: the financial path to AI adoption......... 20 A policy framework for AI adoption in developing countries32 Moving forward......................................................................... 37 Overview Artificial Intelligence unleashed: Transforming the entrepreneurialscene in developing countriesexamines what is required for micro,smalland medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs)and innovativestart-ups in developing countries to seize the potential of artificialintelligence (AI) and the distinct barriers they face. Drawing on theUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development’s (UNCTAD)EntrepreneurshipPolicy Framework(EPF),it touches upon This publication is informed by anextensive literature review and a broadrange of stakeholder consultations,including representatives from internationalorganizations, government bodies, businessdevelopment centres, the private sector,not-for-profit organizations, investors, countries can support MSMEs and start-ups to better adopt AI technology and scaleinnovations that address local needs. This publication is part of UNCTAD’s“The New Frontier in Entrepreneurship”series. Designed to be accessible andactionable, the series brings the futureof entrepreneurship to life through •governments a strategic menu ofpolicy options and practical insights entrepreneurs, MSMEs, and start-upsa timely update on best practices and Findings from this publication suggestthat MSMEs and start-ups have betterchances of adopting AI when the widerentrepreneurship ecosystem is supportive.This includes regulatory systemsthat, for instance, enable responsibleexperimentation, accessible platforms and the wider business developmentecosystem a view of how it can supportsustainable grow