PFR基础：支出效率分析（英）2025

PFR FundamentalsSPENDING EFFICIENCY JUNE2025 © 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Some rights reserved This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does notassume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failureto use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes andother information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities ofThe World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this workmay be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “Francois, John Nana Darko, Santiago Herrera, Hironobu Isaka, and MassimoMastruzzi. 2025.PFR Fundamentals: Spending Efficiency. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank,1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Contents Section 7Conclusion AppendixesA. ListofCountriesandDefinitionsofVariables B. CountryEfficiencyC. UnconditionalandConditionalNonparametricInput-EfficiencyScores References About the Notes andAcknowledgments PFR Fundamentalsis a series of analytical and how-to notes prepared by the FiscalPolicy Unit to assist task teams in preparing and implementing Public Finance Reviews This note was prepared by a core team comprising John Nana Darko Francois, SantiagoHerrera, Hironobu Isaka, and Massimo Mastruzzi. Overall guidance was provided byEmilia Skrok and Fernando Blanco. Julio Velasco, Bradley Larson, Supriyo De, and ananonymous reviewer provided helpful comments and inputs during the preparation Abbreviations CEScomposite efficiency scoreDEAdata envelopment analysisDMUdecision-making unitsFDHfree disposable hullGDPgross domestic productHICshigh-income countriesLICslow-income countries Introduction W developing economies, many of which face high debt burdens and a challenging mac-rofiscal environment. In this difficult context, enhancing the impact of public spendingis vital to accelerate growth while maintaining fiscal sustainability.This note describes techniques for analyzing public expenditure efficiency, with a focus on human and physical capital, as part of the preparation of a Public FinanceReview (PFR).Expenditure efficiency analysis can help governments benchmark per-formance, identify efficiency gaps, and design targeted reform strategies. This notepresents the comprehensive public expenditure efficiency tool developed by the WorldBank’s Fiscal Unit, which is designed to analyze the impact of public spending in the DEA, FDH bootstrap, and DEA bootstrap). Finally, the note presents counterfactualexercises that demonstrate the potential gains from improving public expenditure ef- The rest of the note is structured as follows.Section 2 examines the motivation andcontext for analyzing public expenditure efficiency. Section 3 provides a brief conceptualoverview of the different methodologies used to calculate the efficiency of public spend-ing. Section 4 details the methods and data used in the analysis. Section 5 summarizes Motivation andContext ublic expenditure efficiency is especially crucial in countries facing tightfiscal constraints or unsustainable debt dynamics.Enhancing expenditure Pefficiency may involve (i) reducing waste and fraud; (ii) ensuring that publiclyfinanced projects deliver the greatest social and economic benefits; (iii) op-timizing resource allocation across the public sector; (iv) supporting growth and mac-roeconomic stability; and (v) building resilience to absorb future fiscal shocks. Efficiency while keeping spending constant. Reforms that accelerate, expand, or otherwise improveservice delivery are defined as improvements in technical efficiency, while reforms that Developing countries, particularly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, continueto face vast infrastructure gaps.Large shares of their populations lack access to essential public services (figure 2.1).[1]North America is the only global region in which accessto these services is effectively universal, and access rates are high in Europe and CentralAsia and East Asia and the Pacific. I