多哥：气候政策诊断

TOGO Climate Policy Diagnostic September2025 Christine Richmond,Aurelien Billot, Katja Funke, Michal Pietrkiewicz, Alpa Shah High-LevelSummary Technical Assistance ReportFiscal Affairs Department Togo: Climate Policy Diagnostic Prepared by Christine Richmond, Aurelien Billot, Katja Funke, Michal Pietkiewicz, Alpa Shah TheHigh-LevelSummary Technical Assistance Reportseries provides high-level summaries of theassistance provided to IMF capacity development recipients, describing the high-level objectives,findings, and recommendations. ABSTRACT: Togo aspires to attain middle-income status by 2030, anchored in social inclusion, jobcreation, and modernization. However, the country faces important development challenges. Thisincludes dealing with the impacts of climate changesuch asrising temperatures, more frequent extremehot days, and increasingly erratic rainfall patterns, with intensified single-day precipitationevents. This isespecially important given the country’s strong dependence on agriculture.Competing developmentneeds require a more integrated approach to land policy, planning, water management, energy access,and forest protection. The country also needs substantial investments in its electricity, water, and wastesectors but private investment is lacking. The mission reviewed the current fiscal policies supportingclimate action and provided recommendations to support the long-term climate resilience in Togo, whilealigning with its overall development objectives. The contents of this document constitute a high-level summary of technical advice provided by the staff ofthe International Monetary Fund (IMF) to the authorities of a member country or international agency (the"CD recipient") in response to their request for capacity development. Unless the CD recipient specificallyobjects within 30 business days of its transmittal, the IMF will publish this high-level summary on IMF.org(seeStaff Operational Guidance on the Dissemination of Capacity Development Information). Background The Government of Togo aims to achieve middle-income status by 2030 through (i) strengthening socialinclusion and peace; (ii) boosting job creation; and (iii) modernizing the country. Recent progress includesimproved access to electricity, drinking water, and health centers, along with efforts to prevent coastalerosion. However, maintaining momentum and ensuring inclusive growthand developmentwill requireclose coordination andcollaboration among stakeholders and careful financial management. Climatechange, with its effects on rainfall, sea levels, and temperatures, poses additional challenges. Integratingclimate action into thecountry’s broader development agendawill be essential forTogo’ssuccess. Togo is already among the hottest countries globally, and even moderate warming poses significant risks.Yet extreme temperature and intense precipitation events are becoming more frequent, which poseschallenges for agriculture, water resources, and foodsecurity. Summary of Findingsand Recommendations Expanding Energy Provision While Containing Emissions Togo’s electricity sector faces structural, financial, and regulatory challenges that hinder reliable andaffordable power supply. The sector is governed by a complex institutional framework with overlappingroles between the Ministry of Energy and the regulator (ARSE), and relies heavily on expensive importedelectricity and gas, contributing to high supply costs. Tariffswere adjusted upwards for the first time since2011 in May 2025. This represents important progress towards adjusting rates to reachcost-recoverylevels,an issue that has beenplacingconsiderablefinancial strain on SOEs—particularly CEET, whichoperates under persistent losses. Investment in infrastructure has been limited, and expansion dependsheavily on donor support. The authorities are developing an energy compact under the Mission 300initiative, with planned reforms includingfurthertariff adjustments, SOE restructuring, and a strengthenedregulatory framework. Renewable energy potential remains underutilized despite progress on solarprojects and donor engagement, with regulatory gaps andofftaker risk limiting private investment.Meanwhile, rural electrification has advanced through the Tinga Fund, but last-mile access and mini-gridexpansion remain priorities. Broader energy sector reforms, including fuel pricing transparency, targetedsubsidies, and alignment of carbon taxation, are needed to enhance sustainability, attract investment, andsupport Togo’s development goals. Climate Sensitive Management of Water Resources Togo faces growing pressure on its water resources due to climate change, rising demand, andinadequate infrastructure. Although the country is relatively well endowed with water, evaporation,pollution, and deforestation are degrading both surface and groundwater supplies. Urban wastewater islargely untreated, exacerbating water quality issues. Groundwater, which supplies most of the populati