利比里亚：气候政策诊断

LIBERIA Climate Policy Diagnostic December2025 Prepared By Suphachol Suphachalasai, Daniel Bastidas, Pedro Juarros, Berit Lindholdt-Lauridsen,Michal Pietrkiewicz, Sunalika Singh, and Nuwan Suriyagoda Fiscal Affairs Department High-Level Summary Technical Assistance ReportFiscal Affairs Department Prepared by Suphachol Suphachalasai, Daniel Bastidas, Pedro Juarros, Berit Lindholdt-Lauridsen,Michal Pietrkiewicz, Sunalika Singh, Nuwan Suriyagoda TheHigh-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reportseries provides high-level summaries of theassistance provided to IMF capacity development recipients, describing the high-level objectives, ABSTRACT: Climate-related risks are macro-critical considerations for Liberia. This Climate PolicyDiagnostic identifies policy reforms that reduce balance of payment risks, boost fiscal resilience, andgenerate positive climate outcomes. A comprehensive reform agenda is needed to promote water andfood security, and a robust package of fiscal policies is key to accelerating energy access and transition. JEL Classification Numbers: H3, H23, L5, Q2, Q54 Keywords: fiscal policy, climate adaptation, climate mitigation The contents of this document constitute a high-level summary of technical advice provided by the staff ofthe International Monetary Fund (IMF) to the authorities of a member country or international agency (the"CD recipient") in response to their request for capacity development. Unless the CD recipient specifically Main Messages and Recommendations Climate-related risks are macro-critical considerations for Liberia.Today, about half of Liberia’spopulation still lives below the national poverty line. Approximately 70 percent of the population do nothave access to electricity and a quarter are without access to clean drinking water. Liberia is particularlyprone to floods and storms and climate change is expected to increase downside risks with potentialnegative impacts on the country’s medium-term outlook and long-term macroeconomic stability. IMF’sanalysis shows that Liberia could face a loss of 2 percent of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita A comprehensive reform is needed to promote water and food security.While Liberia is endowedwith abundant water resources, the increased intensity and frequency of extreme rainfalls and floodingpose significant risks to the water and food sector. An overarching water resources law should bedeveloped to provide clear responsibilities of line ministries and stakeholders. To enhance water pricing,the authorities could (i) develop a multi-year performance-based water tariff structure that is cost-reflective and include social tariff, (ii) operationalize the existing Water Supply and Sanitation Commission Efficient disaster risk management and financing will save lives and build economic resilience. While the government has adequate contingent reserve and the Road Fund and has put in place asizeable contingent lines of credit, responsible entities receive limited budget allocations and do not haveaccess to funds in times of disasters. A heavy reliance on donor funding can be a double-edged sword,posing risks to social protection programs and disaster response efforts. Liberia could (i) develop animplementation framework of the National Disaster Risk Financing Strategy that stipulates clear Sustainable forestry and land-use can be supported by good fiscal policies.There is an urgentneed to address competing land-use for fuel, food, and forestry—to reduce slash-and-burn agriculture,unsustainable fuelwood production, and forest degradation. The government could revise the tax scheme agriculture, sustainability-linked conditionality could be gradually introduced in support provided tofarmers. In the longer term, a payment for environmental services scheme could be explored particularlyin areas at risk of deforestation. In addition, the forest information system could be strengthened, throughthe use of low-cost technologies to monitor forests and maintaining a database on sustainability A robust package of fiscal policies is key to accelerating energy access and transition.Increasingaccess requires significant investment in electricity grid and generation capacity, while a successfultransition needs a two-pronged approach to scaling up renewable energy (RE) and shifting away from thereliance on fossil fuel imports. To accelerate RE, Liberia could (i) develop a net-metering regulation toallow self-generators to sell excess electricity generated from rooftop solar to the grid, (ii) introduce afeed-in tariff scheme to incentivize RE producers, and (iii) establish a RE Independent Power Producer Strong climate governance helps streamline implementation and reduce costs toward buildingresilience.The government should introduce a comprehensive climate change law incorporating keyclimate governance principles. At the same time, the government should review national and sectorallegislative frameworks and policies related t