从矿产到兆瓦：增强电动汽车、数据中心和电网的韧性

W H I T EP A P E R Images:Getty Images Contents Foreword Executive summary 1Understanding mineral intensity 1.1 The known frontier of electric mobility1.2 The hidden footprint of digitalization 2Supply chains disjointed by tiers, territories and timelines2.1 Anatomy of the electric mobility supply chain 3Shared risks, divided attention3.1 Early warning signs in supply 4From awareness to action4.1 Lessons from past disruptions Conclusion Contributors Endnotes Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated and ©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Jonathan PricePresident and Chief Executive Kiva AllgoodManaging Director, World Igor HulakPartner and Global Head of Jeremy WeirChairman, Trafigura Group The race to electrify, digitalize and decarbonizethe global economy relies on resilient, transparentand sustainable minerals and metals supply chains shared accountability. Meaningful progress willalso depend on deeper coordination with theglobal public-sector leaders who shape policy,infrastructure planning and long-term investment Yet these complex supply chains face increasingstrain: they span continents, operate on longpermitting timelines and remain highly concentratedin a small number of regions. Meanwhile, globaldemand centres are shifting rapidly – from theaccelerating pace of industrial activity to the Although collaboration across regions and sectorshas long existed, its nature is evolving. Today,regional alliances, cross-value chain partnershipsand public-private platforms are moving beyonddialogue and compliance towards more integrated,data-driven ways of working that can drive progress To confront these challenges, the World EconomicForum, in collaboration with Kearney and withsupport from the Forum’s Mining and MetalsIndustry Community, has developed this focusedwork stream under the Future-Proofing GlobalValue Chains initiative to build awareness and Driving this type of coordinated action requirescreating the conditions for actors to align on sharedpriorities and timelines, each within their scope.Initiatives that convene diverse stakeholders, fosterknowledge exchange and align incentives can If we act together, we can future-proof global valuechains and ensure that the materials essential tothe energy transition and other systemic globaltransformations are delivered reliably, responsibly Governments, companies and investors each havea role to play in streamlining permitting, scaling Executive summary The resilience of the minerals supply chainsthat underpin electrification and digitalization The pace and scale of electrification anddigitalization depend on resilient, transparentand well-coordinated minerals and metals supplychains. Electric vehicles (EVs), data centres andelectricity transmission and distribution (ET&D)each rely on the same materials, such as copper, 3.Drive collective actions:Emphasize thatcoordination across supply chains, investmenttimelines and policy frameworks is essential to Resilience will not emerge organically. It requiresstructured collaboration – connecting decisions,priorities and investment timelines across industries,financiers and governments. Progress will depend Yet, the system remains only partially understood.Interconnections and vulnerabilities across valuechains run deeper than many stakeholders realize.Shared refining hubs and common upstreambottlenecks mean that a disruption in one sectorcan reverberate across many others. Theselinks, however, are rarely reflected in systemicor coordinated policy decisions – many recent Building on findings from the Forum’s SecuringMinerals for the Energy Transition (SMET) initiative,this paper outlines four key building blocks for –Strengthen coordination mechanisms tobring together stakeholders and align priorities –Build a shared risk picture to clarify vulnerabilities,bottlenecks and interdependencies. Against this backdrop, the World Economic Forum,in collaboration with Kearney and enabled by thesupport of the Forum’s Mining and Metals IndustryCommunity, consulted with more than 65 seniorexecutives across these value chains to hear their –Deploy collective resilience strategies –combining supply diversification and expansion –Enable collaboration through conveningplatforms, transparency tools and This decade will be decisive for the energy anddigital transformations already underway. Deliveringvehicles, data capacity and grid infrastructure ontime to meet the pace and scale of these transitions 1.Clarify interdependencies:Show how mineraldependencies connect sectors that were oncethought of as distin