欧洲储能部署概况——储能现状与政策框架分析

An analysis of current status and policy framework on energystorage Gonzalez Cuenca, M. I.2025 This document is a publication by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledgeservice. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The contents of thispublication do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission. Neither the EuropeanCommission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of thispublication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the Contact information Name: González Cuenca, María IsabelEmail: isabel.gonzalez-cuenca@ec.europa.eu The Joint Research Centre: EU Science Hubhttps://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu JRC141463EUR 40482 PDFISBN 978-92-68-32277-2ISSN 1831-9424doi:10.2760/3846606KJ-01-25-509-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025 © European Union, 2025 The reuse policy of the European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Unless otherwise noted, the reuseof this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence How to cite this report: Gonzalez Cuenca, M. I.,Overview of Energy Storage Deployment in Europe - An analysis of currentstatus and policy framework on energy storage,Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2025, Contents Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................................................................6Executive summary..............................................................................................................................................................................71.Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................................102.Progress in energy storage deployment........................................................................................................................112.1.Analysis by status............................................................................................................................................................112.2.Analysis by country..........................................................................................................................................................122.3.Analysis by energy storage technology...............................................................................................................132.3.1.Classification of technologies......................................................................................................................132.3.2.Mechanical..............................................................................................................................................................172.3.2.1.Pumped-storage hydropower............................................................................................................172.3.2.2.Compressed-air energy storage......................................................................................................212.3.3.Electrochemical....................................................................................................................................................222.3.4.Electrical..................................................................................................................................................................272.3.5.Chemical..................................................................................................................................................................282.3.6.Thermal....................................................................................................................................................................312.4.Analysis by energy storage service........................................................................................................................343.Policy and regulatory framework in the European Union....................................................................................383.1.Background..........................................................................................................................................................................383.1.1.Directive (EU) 2019/944: common rules for the internal market for electricity............383.1.2.Regulation (EU) 2019/943: internal market for electricity.........................................................393.1.3.Regulation (EU) 2019/941: risk preparedness..................................................