建设具有气候适应力的公用事业：中国的经验教训和未来路径

Building Climate-Resilient Utilities:Lessons from Chinaand Future Pathways W H I T EP A P E RD E C E M B E R2 0 2 5 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 1Utilities on the frontline of climate change5 1.1New risk landscape: growing frequency and intensity ofextreme weather events51.2Systemic vulnerabilities: cascading impacts on criticalutility infrastructure7 2Climate-resilient utilities: China’s multi-faceted approach8 2.1Resilience 1.0: a framework to strengthen the utilities sector82.2Policy and governance: orchestrating a hybridgovernment-business response92.3Technology: empowering resilience through innovation122.4Finance: funding the resilience transition17 3The next frontier: upgrading to Resilience 2.018 3.1Evolving governance: institutionalizing climate resilience183.2Technological leapfrogging: AI-powered integration193.3Financial innovation: risk pricing as the architect of resilience203.4Science and education: essential foundation for resilience21 Conclusion23 Appendix: Definitions25 Contributors27 Endnotes29 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Shugang WenChairman,China Huaneng Group Gim Huay NeoManaging Director,World Economic Forum Developing climate resilient infrastructure requiresa dual-pronged strategy of cutting emissions whileadapting to fast-changing climatic conditions,characterized by the increased frequency andintensity of extreme weather events. This ensuresthat we avoid the worst outcomes of climatechange and environmental degradation, whileenabling industries and communities to deal withthe ecological changes that are already happening. This report examines how policy, technology andfinance can work in concert to safeguard thevital arteries of our economies and societies in astructured and systemic approach. It draws on casestudies to illustrate how China – one of the world’slargest players in the construction and operationof power assets – is responding to climate-relatedrisks. As defined by the concept of “Resilience 2.0”,the report proposes a forward-looking model inwhich adaptation can be institutionalized, digitallydriven and anchored in innovative financial design. Ensuring the security and stability of criticalinfrastructure – especially power and waterutilities, transport and communication networksand essential services – is a strategic imperativefor both businesses and governments. Prolongeddisruptions or destruction due to extreme weatherconditions, such as heatwaves, floods and drought,could severely undermine public health and safety,economic stability and national security. This report offers lessons learned for global leadersin the utilities sector and beyond to build a moreclimate-resilient future. Through anticipatorygovernance, cross-sector integration and data-driven innovation, governments and businesses canmove away from a static defence model towards amore dynamic, agile approach to resilience that willbetter safeguard lives and livelihoods. Executive summary China’s approach to climate-proofing itscritical infrastructure integrates strategiccoordination with AI-powered technologyand innovative finance. As global average temperatures mount and climatevolatility becomes the new normal, the utilities sector– backbone of the global economy – faces escalatingchallenges. For the global utilities sector, climate-driven impacts represent a fundamental challengeto its operational continuity, financial stability andcapacity to serve society. The World EconomicForum’s insight report,Business on the Edge: BuildingIndustry Resilience to Climate Hazards, identifies theutilities sector as one of the most exposed to futurefixed asset losses from climate hazards.1 policy direction with bottom-up innovation, andis termed “Resilience 1.0” for the utilities sector.Chapter 2 explores this methodology in greaterdetail and demonstrates its principles throughcase studies. While this foundational framework for resiliencehas proven effective, the evolving climate challengenecessitates a more advanced approach. Chapter 3therefore introduces “Resilience 2.0” – a futurepathway that fosters proactive, intelligent andintegrated adaptation across the utilities sectorthrough in-depth, public-private collaboration andbroad, society-wide support. This evolution willenhance existing pillars as follows: China’s approach to climate-proofing its criticalinfras