经合组织2025年化石燃料支持措施清单：政策趋势

December 2025 OECD Inventory of SupportMeasures for Fossil Fuels2025 POLICY TRENDS This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements This report has been drafted by Dylan Bourny and Pauline Avril. Material related to Net Effective CarbonRates has been contributed by Jacob Smith. This report has benefited from helpful inputs by Fernando DeOliveira, Assia Elgouacem, Marion Jansen, KumiKitamori, Przemyslaw Kowalski, Julia Nielson, and KurtVan Dender. The update of theOECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuelsis a collaborative project betweenthe Environment and the Trade and Agriculture Directorates of the OECD. This update was made possiblethanks to the contributions of Nathan Alan-Lee, Pauline Avril, Neri Barocci, Dylan Bourny, ValentinaLourdes Bruno, Elli Frysalaki, Harry Smythe, and Ayako Takao. The update of the OECD Net Effective Carbon Rates is a collaborative project between the Centre of TaxPolicy and Administration and the Trade and Agriculture Directorates of the OECD. This update was madepossible thanks to the contributions of Assia Elgouacem, Dylan Bourny, Jacob Smith, and KonstantinosTheodoropoulos. The publication of this booklet has been authorised by Marion Jansen, Director of the Trade and AgricultureDirectorate, and Kumi Kitamori, Deputy Director of the Environment Directorate. The OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels database:https://www.oecd.org/fossil-fuels/. Comments are welcome and should be sent totad.contact@oecd.org. Table of contents Acknowledgements3 6 Key messages 1 The fiscal cost of government support for fossil fuels and incentives fordecarbonisation7 There is considerable debate about how best to measure support for fossil fuels7Support can be understood in terms of the fiscal cost of support measures…7And through broader decarbonisation incentives, as measured by the Net Effective Carbon Rate8Together these provide a more comprehensive view of policies and inc