从障碍到桥梁：肯尼亚促进生产力和就业的竞争性改革（英）2025

© 2025. The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibilityfor any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods,processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The WorldBank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may bereproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 HStreet NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................iAcronyms................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iiExecutive summary...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 I.Context and motivation: Why legal and regulatory barriers to competition matter in Kenya...........................................7Competition, jobs, and productivity in Kenya.............................................................................................................................................................7The role of government........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10II. Economy-wide performance and cross-cutting regulatory barriers to competition in Kenya............................................ 15Economy-wide performance................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15Distortions induced by public ownership..................................................................................................................................................................... 17Incomplete policymaking safeguards.............................................................................................................................................................................. 21Barriers to trade and investment........................................................................................................................................................................................ 24III. Deep dives on regulatory barriers to competition in select key sectors in Kenya........................................................................ 29Agribusiness .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29Fertilizer..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29Sugar.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33Electricity ...............................................................................................................................................