超越采掘业：释放毛里塔尼亚实现持续、包容和有弹性增长的潜力

MauritaniaPublic Disclosure Authorized Beyond Extractives: UnlockingMauritania’s Potential fora Sustained, Inclusive andResilient GrowthPublic Disclosure Authorized 2025 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this workdo not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments theyrepresent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this workand does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liabilitywith respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. Theboundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bankendorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privi-leges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as fullattribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2025. Beyond Extractives: Unlocking Mauritania’sPotential for a Sustained, Inclusive and Resilient Growth. Mauritania Growth and Jobs Report. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publica-tions, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. CONTENTS Growth Challenges in Mauritania’s Extractives-Led Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2How Can Mauritania Leverage Its Endowments to Create More and Better Jobs?. . . . .7Potential Growth and Job Creation Opportunities at the Sector Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Potential Growth and Jobs Impact of Policy Reforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Chapter 1 Understanding Mauritania’s Growth, StructuralTransformation and Job Dynamics                    14 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15A.Growth, Poverty Reduction and Structural Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15B.Jobs and Labor Market Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19C.Mauritania’s Barriers to Growth and Future Prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Chapter 2 Enhancing Productivity to Sustain Medium-Term Growth33 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34A.Lack of Private Sector Dynamism and Market Inefficiencies Constrain the Economy’sGrowth Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35B.Enabling and Maintaining Productivity Growth Through Firm Upgrading,Competition, FDI and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Chapter 3 Diversifying Business Opportunities for Higher Growthand Employment                                    45 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46A.Strengthening the Business Enabling Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46B.Leveraging Digital Technologies to Expand and Diversify Business Opportunities. .53 Chapter 4 Powering the Transition Toward a Low-Carbon andClimate-Resilient Economy                           57 A.Mauritania’s Climate Challenge: Navigating Impact and Building Resilience. . . . . . .58B.The Net Benefits of Investing in Adaptation Are Positive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60C.Widening the Fiscal Space to Invest in Adaptation While Incentivizing the TransitionToward a Low Carbon Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60D.Assessing the Macro-Fiscal Impacts of Low Carbon Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64E.Closing the Low-Carbon Transition Financing Gap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .