人畜共患流感 2023年年度流行病学报告

Zoonotic influenza Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 Key facts •Sporadic human infections with avian influenza virus subtypes A(H3N8), A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H9N2),A(H10N5) were reported globally by four countries for 2023.•Human infections with influenza A(H1N1) variant (v), A(H1N2)v and A(H3Nx)v viruses of swine originwere reported by eight countries globally for 2023.•No human cases of infection with avian influenza viruses were reported in the EU/EEA in 2023. Human Introduction Animal influenza viruses that usually circulate in animal species can, in rare occasions, transmit to humans andcause zoonotic influenza virus infections. In Europe, there has been widespread transmission of highly pathogenicavian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in wild birds since 2020, causing outbreaks in poultry establishments. Since late2022, HPAI A(H5N1) has also been detected more frequently in mammals such as wild carnivores, marinemammals, fur farm animals, and pets [1]. Most human infections with zoonotic influenza viruses are caused byavian influenza viruses that circulate in wild birds and spill over to farmed poultry or swine influenza viruses that Methods Data on human infections with zoonotic influenza virus reported globally were systematically collected from official,public sources identified through ECDC’s epidemic intelligence activities and compiled in a line list, as described in[2]. This report includes events and data from 2023, retrieved from the ECDC line list in February 2025. The date Since September 2017, ECDC, together with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European UnionReference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (EURL), have been publishing quarterly updates on the avian influenzasituation in the EU/EEA and globally (seelink). The avian influenza detections in humans for 2023 listed in thesubsequent sections have been described in the avian influenza situation reports [3-8]. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Zoonotic influenza. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiologicalreport for 2023. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Stockholm, November 2025 Epidemiology Avian influenza in humans A total of 29 human cases or detections of avian influenza virus were reported by four countries globally with onsetof symptoms or identification in 2023, including subtypes A(H3N8), A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H9N2), and A(H10N5).The majority of cases were reported by China (18 cases), followed by Cambodia (6 cases), United Kingdom (3detections, 1 inconclusive) and Chile (1 case). Out of those cases for which information on hospitalisation (n=27)was provided, 16 (59%) of the cases were hospitalised, and 8 (28%) out of the total 29 cases had a fatal outcome. Avian influenza A(H3N 8) virusChina reported one fatal case of avian influenza virus A(H3N8) infection in a 56-year-old woman with underlying conditions in 2023. The patient had exposure to poultry at live poultry markets, the neighbour kept poultry, andthere were wild birds in the adjacency of her home. In total, there have been three cases of avian influenza Avian influenza A(H5N 1) virusIn 2023, there were 12 cases or detections of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans reported globally. In Europe, United Kingdom reported four detections of avian influenza A(H5N1) in workers involved in cullingoperations at three farms affected by outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in poultry.Three of the detections were in asymptomatic individuals while the fourth person experienced mild clinical Cambodia reported six cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in three children and three adults in 2023,which were the first human A(H5N1) cases reported by Cambodia since 2014. For those which information wasavailable (n=5), all were hospitalised, and four out of six were fatal. All cases had exposure to sick or dead poultrybefore onset of symptoms or detection of infection. Two of the cases were in a family cluster involving an 11-year-old girl and her 49-year-old father. For both cases, symptom onset occurred on the same day and both had In the Americas, Chile reported one case of avian influenza A(H5N1) in a 53-year-old male in 2023, which was thefirst case reported by the country. The patient was hospitalised following development of worsening, respiratorysymptoms, but recovered following treatment. There were many dead sea mammals and wild birds in the adjacencyof the patient’s home and the case was thought to have been infected through environmental exposure [12]. Avian influenza A(H5N 6) virusChina reported six human cases of avian influenza virus A(H5N6) with onset or detection in 2023 in adults aged between 27 and 68 years. All six cases were hospitalised and two of the cases were fatal. All had a known historyof exposure to poultry (ECDC line list). Avian influenza A(H9N 2) virusIn total, 9 human cases of avian influenza A(H9N2) were reported by China with onset or identification in 2023. Six of the c