南南合作机遇：太阳能利用促进可持续发展

OPPORTUNITIESFOR SOUTH-SOUTHCOOPERATION:Solar Energy Use forSustainable Development PV PLUS OPPORTUNITIESFOR SOUTH-SOUTHCOOPERATION:Solar Energy Use forSustainable Development Table of Contents 2.3Perspectives for South-South Cooperation:PV Plus is One of the Most Effective CleanEnergy Solutions for the Global South toLeapfrog Fossil Fuels11 PREFACEv KEY MESSAGESvii ABBREVIATIONSxii CHAPTER III. PV PLUS TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT: FROM INTERMITTENTRENEWABLE ENERGY TO RELIABLE,SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE ELECTRICPOWER SUPPLY15 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: PV PLUSSOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION FORMUTUAL BENEFIT1 1.1 Definition and Characteristics31.2 Objectives of the research report6 3.1Global PV Industries: From Infancyto Maturity17 3.2Emerging Technologies Catalyze theAdvancement of PV Plus Applications22 CHAPTER II. STEPPING UP TO THE CHALLENGE:INCREASING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOLARENERGY TO THE GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY ANDCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION7 3.3Energy Storage and PV Module RecyclingIndustries Are Rapidly Maturing263.4Solar PV Developments in Key Global Markets 29 2.1Perspectives for Advancing the Transitionto Sustainable Energy Systems:Implementing Agenda 2030 and the Paris1.5°C Climate Goal9 CHAPTER IV. PV PLUS: EXPERIENCES ANDCASE STUDIES OF PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIN DEVELOPING CONTEXTS33 2.2Growing Global Ambition to Increasethe Use of Solar Energy10 4.1PV Plus Outcomes in Various Scenarios inthe Context of Developing Countries35 45CHAPTER VII. MOVING FORWARD: ADVANCINGPV PLUS FOR AN ACCELERATED ENERGYTRANSITION77 4.2Necessary conditions for PV Plus applicationand replication CHAPTER V. THE CASE ANALYSES OF PV PLUSAPPLICATIONS IN GLOBAL SOUTH REGIONS 495.1 PV Plus Suitability Analysis for Eastern Africa535.2 PV Plus Suitability Analysis for Southeast Asia55 7.1Mainstreaming PV Plus into EnergyDevelopment Plans and the New Roundof Nationally Determined Contribution Targets79 7.2Strengthening International Partnershipsfor PV Plus Scaling80 CHAPTER VI. SCALING UP PV PLUS USE INDEVELOPING COUNTRIES: BRIDGING THEDEVELOPMENT GAPS59 7.3Recommendations for Solar EnergyCooperation under the Partnership amongGlobal South Countries82 6.1Priority Policy Actions to Promote PVPlus Development616.2Public Investment in Energy Sector Development666.3Encouraging Non-Governmental CapitalInvestment in PV Plus Projects and PromotingFinancial Innovation71 ANNEX85A1.PV Plus Case Collection85A2.Cost Estimation for Different Power Supply Options98 END NOTES106 Preface Photovoltaics and battery storage technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years,making applications more versatile, productive, and affordable, including for industries,communities, and households in developing countries. The United Nations Departmentof Economic and Social Affairs is indeed pleased to present this comprehensive global PVPlus Report. The Report illustrates practical experiences of solar energy use in agriculture,industries, and urban and rural electricity supply, showcasing projects that are replicable inmany other developing counties of the Global South. The selected projects demonstrateopportunities for advancing local economic and social progress and for achieving theSustainable Development Goals, without depleting natural resources, or compromising localenvironments or global climate. The PV Plus Report may also serve as a source of inspirationfor new forms or fora of collaborative action, as it highlights the multiple opportunities andbenefits of South-South cooperation. Juwang Zhu Director,Division for SustainableDevelopment GoalsUnited NationsDepartment of Economicand Social Affairs Solar energy is an inclusive energy source. Through global collective efforts, solar PVtechnology has transitioned from specialized applications in space to daily use. Rather thana conventional research paper, this report offers a scenario-based overview of PV applications—showcasing existing PV+ models in production and daily life, and inspiring innovators to explorefurther possibilities. Over the past two decades, Solar PV efficiency has significantly increasedwhile costs have declined at the same time in China, driven by technological innovation andlarge-scale production; this has also facilitated its widespread adoption worldwide. ChineseRenewable Energy Industries Association has taken an important part in this progress andremains committed to advancing the sector. Moving forward, we are dedicated to collaboratingwith all stakeholders devoted to global sustainability—working together to witness solar powertransform the energy landscape and contribute to a better quality of life. Li DanSecretary General ofChinese Renewable EnergyIndustries Association This report is a blueprint for how solar and energy storage are a catalyst for sustainabledevelopment, in every corner of the world. Solar can support the delivery of almost allthe Sustainable Development Goals, and what is more this is a fantastic example of South-South cooperation. Wh