欧洲铁路运输的经济足迹（英）2025

STUDY FOR THE COMMUNITY OF EUROPEAN ABOUT OXFORD Oxford Economics was founded in 1981 as acommercial venture with Oxford University’s businesscollege to provide economic forecasting and modellingto UK companies and financial institutions expandingabroad. Since then, we have become one of the world’sforemost independent global advisory firms, providing Headquartered in Oxford, England, with regionalcentres in New York, London, Frankfurt, and Singapore,Oxford Economics has offices across the globe inAbu Dhabi, Belfast, Chicago, Dubai, Dublin, HongKong, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Milan, Capetown,Paris, Philadelphia, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto. Weemploy 700 staff, including more than 450 professional Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate,financial and government decision-makers and thoughtleaders. Our worldwide client base now comprises over2,500 international organisations, including leading CONTENTS Infographic..................................................................................................... iiiExecutive summary..................................................................................... ivSection 1. Introduction................................................................................. 1Section 2. Background................................................................................ 3Section 3. The economic impact of railway transport inthe EU .......................................................................................................... 93.1. Measuring railway transport: a short methodintroduction......................................................................................................... 93.2. The core economic footprint of EU railway transport.......... 113.3. Comparing the economic footprint across transportindustries.............................................................................................................. 18Section 4. Conclusion................................................................................ 21Bibliography................................................................................................ viiiMethodological appendix.......................................................................... xEstimating the direct effect of railways in the EU ............................ xEstimating the indirect and induced effect of railways inthe EU..................................................................................................................... xFrequently asked questions (FAQs).................................................... xiiiQuality assurance........................................................................................... xiv THE ECONOMIC FOOTPRINT OF KEEPING EUROPE MOVING: RAILWAYS AS THE TRANSPORTATION BACKBONE TRACKS TO PROSPERITY: HOW RAIL FUELS ECONOMIC GROWTH AND JOBS IN THE EU Direct impact:Railway transport sector employs staff and generates GDP. Indirect impact:Railway transport sector spends money with suppliers.They use other suppliers in turn. This supports jobs and GDP across the European supply chain. Induced impact:Employees in railway transport and their suppliers spend their wages,which supports GDP and jobs throughout the wider economy. RAIL'S RIPPLE EFFECTS THROUGHOUT THE EU ECONOMY EXECUTIVE Total length of railway201,000km This study aims to assess the economicimportance of railway transport by providinga comprehensive analysis of the economic RAILWAY TRANSPORT GREATLY BOOSTS Railways are at the heart of Europe’s transportsystem, serving as a vital backbone for both continent.With a network spanning 201,000 kilometres,they handle around 8 billion passenger trips annually,while also offering sustainable freight services forkey industries (Eurostat, 2025a). In addition to their In 2023, railway transport contributed a total of €247billion to the GDP of the EU countries.For context, this is equivalent to 1.4% of the EU’s total GDP in 2023,and exceeds Greece’s 2023 GDP of €225 billion, the16th largest economy in the EU (Eurostat, 2025b;2025c). With a GVA of €117 billion, railway transport’ssupply chain (indirect effect) accounted for almosthalf of the sector’s total impact. The railway transportsector itself generated a further €67 billion of GVA €247bn Total contribution toEU GDP Railway transport supported a total of around3,162,000 jobs across the EU in 2023.This is equivalent to 1.6% of the EU’s total employment andexceeds the total employment in Ireland in 2023, whichwas 2,571,000 jobs (Eurostat, 2025d). As with GVA, asignificant number of jobs were supported by railwaytransport’s supply chain, totalling around 1,496,000jobs. The wages paid by the railway transport sector Railway transport’s purchasing activities supportedthe most significant amount of GVA and jobs incompanies offering business services like marketingand R&D.Moreover, the sector supported economicactivity among wholesalers and retailers, for examplein the