2025年全球结核病报告：主要发现和信息

TB remains a major global public health problem andprogress in reducing the burden of disease falls far short of2030 targets in most parts of the world. Nonetheless, aftersetbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic, most indicators aremoving in the right direction and there are regional andcountry success stories. Changes in the funding landscapethreaten this progress. increase the risk of developing disease once infected; andtechnological breakthroughs, such as a new TB vaccine. Alldepend on adequate funding. Globally, 8.3 million people were reported as newlydiagnosed with TB in 2024 – a small increase from 8.2million in 2023 and 78% (95% UI: 72–84%) of the estimatednumber of incident cases. Of these, 54% were initially testedwith a rapid test, up from 48% in 2023. Globally in 2024, an estimated 10.7 million people (95%uncertainty interval [UI]: 9.9–11.5 million) fell ill with TB(incident cases) and 1.23 million died from the disease (95%UI: 1.13–1.33 million).aThe TB incidence rate (new cases per100 000 population per year) was 131 (95% UI: 122–141) andthe case fatality rate was 11.5%. A total of 164 545 people were treated for rifampicin-resistantcTB (RR-TB) in 2024. This was 42% of theapproximately 390 000 people who developed RR-TB in2024, almost the same as in 2023. The treatment success rate for drug-susceptible TB remainshigh, at 88%, and has improved to 71% for RR-TB. From2000–2024, treatment of people with TB is estimated to haveaverted 83 million deaths. TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and theleading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Most of the people who develop TB disease each year are in30 high TB burden countries: they accounted for 87% of theglobal total in 2024. The top eight (67% of the worldwidetotal) were India (25%), Indonesia (10%), the Philippines(6.8%), China (6.5%), Pakistan (6.3%), Nigeria (4.8%), theDemocratic Republic of the Congo (3.9%) and Bangladesh(3.6%). Globally, 5.3 million people at high risk of developing TBdisease were provided with TB preventive treatment (TPT) in2024: 3.5 million close contacts of people diagnosed with TBand 1.8 million people living with HIV. TPT coverage was58% among people living with HIV (up from 56% in 2023)and 25% among household contacts (up from 20% in 2023). In 2024, 54% of people who developed TB were men, 35%were women and 11% were children. One of the barriers to accessing TB diagnosis and treatmentis the costs faced by people with TB and their households;about 50% face costs that exceed 20% of annual householdincome. Reducing this economic burden requires fasterprogress towards UHC and better levels of social protection. Globally, the absolute number of people falling ill with TBdecreased in 2024 for the first time since 2020, following 3consecutive years of increases (2021–2023) due to COVID-related disruptions to TB diagnosis and treatment. The totalof 10.7 million was a small (1%) reduction from 10.8 millionin 2023, but still above the level of 2020 (10.3 million). In most high TB burden countries, less than 50% of thegeneral population has access to at least one socialprotection benefit and values for the UHC service coverageindex (SCI) are in the range 40–60 (out of 100). There was a larger (1.7%) global decline in the TB incidencerate between 2023 and 2024; at 131 per 100 000 populationin 2024, this was back to the level of 2020. The net reductionfrom 2015 to 2024 was 12%, far from the End TB Strategymilestone of a 50% reduction by 2025 and the target of an80% reduction by 2030. Key drivers of the TB incidence rate at country level includeincome per capita and the prevalence of undernutrition, HIVinfection, diabetes, smoking and alcohol use disorders. There are 18 TB vaccines in clinical development, includingsix in Phase 3 trials. Globally, the number of deaths caused by TB also fell in2024. The total of 1.23 million was a 3% reduction comparedwith 1.27 million in 2023. The net reduction from 2015 to2024 is more impressive, at 29%, but still far from the End TBStrategy milestone of a 75% reduction by 2025 and thetarget of a 90% reduction by 2030. Funding for the TB response remains grossly inadequate andhas been stagnating. Funding for provision of TB prevention,diagnosis and treatment amounted to US$ 5.9 billion in2024, and funding for TB research was US$ 1.2 billion in2023.dThese figures are 27% and 24%, respectively, of theglobal targets of US$ 22 billion and US$ 5 billion annually by2027. Much better progress in reducing the burden of TB diseasehas been made in some regions and countries. Between2015 and 2024, the WHO African Region achieved a 28%reduction in the TB incidence rate and a 46% reduction inthe number of TB deaths. The WHO European Regionachieved reductions of 39% and 49%, respectively. 101countries achieved reductions of at least 20% in the TBincidence rate and 65 achieved reductions of at least 35% inthe number of TB deaths.b Cuts to international donor funding from 20