制定人类细胞、组织和器官捐赠和移植全球战略

Background Transplantation of humancells, tissues, and organs is a cornerstone of modern medicine, offering life-savingbenefits andwellbeingfor countless individualsthroughout the world.Various reports highlight that transplantationmay have a potential impact on reducing premature mortality associated with noncommunicable and other diseases,it improves thepatient'squality of life and helps communities to diminish the high costs of alternative treatmentmodalities.There is, however, ahuge disparity in the availability and access to transplantation services across WHOregionsand among Member States, with the highest rates in the Americas and Europe, and the lowest in Africa andSoutheast Asia. Insufficient access to transplantation services is one of the root causes of trafficking in persons forthe purpose of organ removal and trafficking in human organs. In response to these challenges,the 77thWorldHealthAssemblyin 2024,adoptedresolution 77.4 onincreasingavailability, ethical access and oversight of transplantation of human cells, tissues and organs.WHO is requestedtodevelop, in consultation with Member States, nongovernmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders, aglobal strategy that supports Member States to integrate donation and transplantation into health care systems andpromotes the implementation of the WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation.Furthermore, upon the request of theresolution,WHOwillestablishanExpertAdvisoryCommitteethat willassistin developing the proposed global strategy and support its implementation.The global strategyshould be submittedfor consideration by the79thWorldHealth Assembly (May 2026), throughthe Executive Board at its 158thsession(February2026). Process A strategyis a plan that guides the development of a programme or intervention via a process that ensuresthemaintenance and continued viability of continuity plans.Typically,itoutlinesarational and systematic process withspecific steps such asvision and mission, goalsettingand objectives, evaluation and action planningto achieveandsets prioritiesfor the implementation process.The development of WHO strategies involves an extensiveconsultative process, including global and regional consultations with Member States, and a broad range of partners,in order to discuss objectives and build consensus on the vision and strategic directions. Anoutline of the global strategy for donation and transplantation has been developed by WHO,followingconsultation with key stakeholders.The newly established Expert Advisory Committee on Donation andTransplantationwill processthe information and views collected through this preliminary phase, in order to developazero-draftversion of the strategy.Aseries of regional consultations will beheldwith Member States, professionalsocieties, patient representatives and development partners, in orderto validate the strategic direction of the draftglobal strategy, identify region-specific priorities and implementation pathways, and assess feasibility in relation tonational capacities.Following consolidation of regional feedback, a revised draft will be submitted for MemberState consultation through established WHO governance mechanisms. This step will allow countries to proposerefinements, highlight expected implementation challenges and clarify alignment with national health strategies,including within the context of universal health coverage. AnnotatedOutline(versionOctober 2024) 1.Introduction a)Why we need a global strategy on donation and transplantationExplain the globalburden of diseasesthat are amenable to cell, tissueor organ transplantation.Furthermore,provide information on the currentdevelopmentof transplantation programmes(availability and access). b)Building on solid foundationsBrief reference to thepreviousWHAresolutions,including theguidingprinciples (scope and impact). c)How does this strategy relate to other WHO strategiesReferences to strategies on NCDs, Universal HealthCoverage, etc. d)How the global strategy was developedBrief reference to the process that includesthe role of the Expert Committee,consultations with NSAsinofficial relations and other stakeholders, Regional consultations with Member States. 2.High returns from investing in Transplantation a)The business caseWhat is the value oftransplantationfor the individual, the society and the health system(i.e.cost-effectiveness,quality of life,reintegration, etc.) b)The impact on SDGsBrief reference to SDGTargets:3.4-Reduce by one third prematuremortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention andtreatment and promote mental health and well-being.3.8-Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essentialhealth-care services and access tosafe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccinesfor all. 3.A global strategy to lead us to 2035 a)Vision:By 2035, every Member State will be able to address its patien