优先考虑大脑健康

Brain Health April 2025 Contents Primary and associated burden of mentalhealth conditions2 Mental health improvement throughscaling interventions3 Impact of health improvements onthe economy9 Cost analysis and economic returncalculation methodology11 Bibliography15 Technical appendix This appendix outlines the methodology and keyassumptions underlying the Prioritizing BrainHealth model, which estimates the primary andassociated disease burden of mental healthconditions and models the potential impact ofscaling proven mental health interventions in termsof population-level health improvement and theglobal economy boost. In this study, mental healthconditions are defined as including both mental andsubstance use disorders. These conditions oftenco-occur with other noncommunicable diseases(NCDs), exacerbating the overall disease burden.This study is focused on showing the relationshipbetween mental health conditions and NCDs andthe advantages of reducing disease burden byexpanding access to established interventions. •eating disorders•idiopathic developmental intellectual disability•other mental disorders•schizophrenia —Substance use disorders: •alcohol use disorders•amphetamine use disorders•cannabis use disorders•cocaine use disorders•opioid use disorders•other drug use disorders This analysis represents an “art of the possible”approach, aiming to estimate the potential benefitsof expanding access to proven brain healthinterventions on a global scale. While it providesa high-level perspective on the opportunities andpotential impact, it is important to acknowledgethat there are inherent limitations in the data andassumptions applied. Further research in this areawould be valuable to refine the estimates. The total primary burden of mental health conditionswas calculated based on the sum of the diseaseburden for each condition outlined above. Themodel quantified disease burden in terms ofdisability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using theIHME data set, which incorporates adjustments forcomorbidities and excludes overlapping impactsin its calculations. This ensures that the burdenis accurately measured without double countingacross conditions. Primary and associated burdenof mental health conditions We did not include self-harm and neurologicaldisorders in the article figures and exhibits, butwe estimated their disease burden and reductionpotential separately using the same methodology asmental and substance use disorders. Primary disease burden ofmental health conditions Data from the Institute for Health Metrics andEvaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD)2021 data suite was used to estimate the primarydisease burden for mental health conditions, whichincludes both mental and substance use disorders.Specific conditions in the IHME hierarchy that wereused as part of this definition are outlined as follows: Associated burden of mental health conditions The model considered two types of associatedmental health burden: 1.burden from other NCDs where substance use isa risk factor —Mental disorders: 2.additional risk of developing other NCDs if aperson has a prior mental health diagnosis •anxiety disorders•attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder•autism spectrum disorders•bipolar disorder•conduct disorder•depressive disorders Associated burden from substance use risks To estimate the burden associated with substanceuse risk factors, the model leveraged the IHME GBDdata set, which quantifies the disease burden acrossall diseases attributable to any modifiable risk factor.From this data set, the model extracted the non–mentalhealth NCD burden linked to alcohol or drug use. as Model B estimates in the study) were extractedfor use in this analysis. This source was used for 76percent of the estimates in the model (267 individualdata points). Where condition pairs within the scopeof the model were not captured in the Danish study,alternative estimates from peer-reviewed, publishedstudies from Europe, the Americas, and Asia wereidentified. Where multiple estimates were available,the largest and most recent study was selected forinclusion in the model. In total, 18 alternative studieswere used to identify the remaining 24 percent ofestimates included in the modeling (86 data points).The model assumed no additional risk where noestimates in the published literature could be found. The model included only the burden from otherNCDs, excluding the burden from mental healthconditions, as these are already considered part ofthe primary burden. It is important to note that theremay be a substantial time lag between substanceuse and the onset of related health issues, andsubstance use does not necessarily indicate asubstance use disorder. Associated burden from preexisting mentalhealth conditions exacerbating other NCDs People living with mental health conditionsexperience a higher prevalence of other NCDscompared to people without a mental healthcondition diagnosis. Additional burden wasestimate