对美国贸易代表办公室关于美国、墨西哥和加拿大贸易协定的评论（英）

COMMENTS OF ITIF to the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) Washington, D.C. CONTENTS Introduction and Summary.......................................................................................................................... 3The United States Should Support USMCA’s Renewal ................................................................................ 3The Case for a North American Production System.................................................................................. 3USMCA Is a Building Block of the United States’ Techno-Economic Power ............................................ 5Case Studies: USMCA Bolstering U.S. Competitiveness in Strategic Industries......................................... 7Semiconductors: Micron Technology’s Cross-Border Expansion........................................................... 7Automobiles: Engine of Ford’s Flagship Vehicle Ping-Pongs the Border................................................ 8Shielding USMCA From Chinese Mercantilism ........................................................................................... 8Reinforce FDI Screening and Information-Sharing Mechanisms............................................................... 8Tighten Regulations on Rules of Origin ................................................................................................... 8USMCA Partners Should Refrain From Entering Into Unilateral Trade Arrangements With China .......... 9Incorporate Provisions to Exclude Intellectual Property Mass Infringers From the North AmericanEconomy ............................................................................................................................................... 10Support United States “Plus” Canada and Mexico, as Opposed to a U.S.-Only Strategy.......................... 10Improve the USMCA Competitiveness Committee .................................................................................... 10A New USMCA Should Provide the Template for Modern Digital Trade Agreements................................ 11Reinforce the USMCA to Protect U.S. Intellectual Property Rights ............................................................ 15What USMCA Partners Should Not Do .................................................................................................... 18Misleadingly Promote “Digital Sovereignty” Principles........................................................................... 18Expand the Tariff Escalation to USMCA Products ................................................................................. 19Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 20Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ 22Proliferation of Digital Trade Agreements After USMCA Entered Force................................................. 22USMCA Digital Trade Rules Compared to Other Digital Trade Agreements.......................................... 26 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is pleased to submit the followingcomments for consideration by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) for the jointreview (Joint Review) of the Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States,and Canada (USMCA). ITIF is an independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan research and educational institutefocusing on the intersection of technological innovation and public policy. ITIF urges the U.S. government to renew the USMCA. The USMCA strengthens America’s position tocompete with China. First, it enables U.S. manufacturers to source inputs from Canada and Mexico at lowercost, as USMCA-qualifying goods—those meeting the agreement’s rules-of-origin (ROO) thresholds—movetariff-free across the region. Second, it helps weaken China’s manufacturing capacity by incentivizing firms toreshore production to North America and substitute Chinese imports with inputs or final products madewithin the region. The renewal of the USMCA should be conditioned on Mexico’s full compliance with itsintellectual property (IP) commitments under the current agreement. USMCA renewal should reflect a modernized version of the existing agreement. First, the new agreementneeds concrete rules to shield the USMCA regional economy from Chinese predatory practices, includingstrengthening rules of origin rules and enforcement, implementing more commonly standardized investmentscreening practices, and allowing mechanisms to exclude IP mass infringers from the North Americaneconomy. Second, USMCA countries should jointly establish common goals to improve the region’scompetitiveness. Third, the current digital trade chapter should be modernized to include provisions onadopting emerging technologies and facilitati